{
 "schema": "nexus.records/v1",
 "network": "Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council",
 "kind": "event",
 "label": "Chronology entry",
 "schemaOrg": "Event",
 "built": "2026-11-10T00:01:34.855Z",
 "count": 40,
 "note": "Every value keeps its measure, year, source and label; unknown is shown as unknown and never as 0. Figures of different measures are never added.",
 "items": [
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "proto-elamite-writing",
   "title": "Proto-Elamite writing at Susa",
   "summary": "Elam, centred on Susa and Anshan, develops its own scripts. A proposed decipherment of Linear Elamite was published in 2022 and is still debated.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/proto-elamite-writing/",
   "year": -3200,
   "tags": [
    "Before the Iranians",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "3200 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Before the Iranians"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "medes",
   "title": "The Medes",
   "summary": "First Iranian polity on the plateau, with its capital at Ecbatana (Hamadan).",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/medes/",
   "year": -700,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "700 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "cyrus-babylon",
   "title": "Cyrus II takes Babylon",
   "summary": "Cyrus enters Babylon. The Cyrus Cylinder speaks of gods and people returned to their homes. It does not name Judah or Jerusalem.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/cyrus-babylon/",
   "year": -539,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "539 BCE"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "darius-bisotun",
   "title": "Darius I and the Bisotun inscription",
   "summary": "Trilingual inscription in Old Persian, Elamite and Babylonian; Persepolis is built.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/darius-bisotun/",
   "year": -520,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "520 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "fall-of-persepolis",
   "title": "Alexander burns Persepolis",
   "summary": "End of the Achaemenid Empire; the Seleucid period begins.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/fall-of-persepolis/",
   "year": -330,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "330 BCE"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "parthians",
   "title": "The Parthian (Arsacid) Empire",
   "summary": "A decentralised empire that rivals Rome and brokers the Silk Road for nearly five centuries.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/parthians/",
   "year": -247,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "247 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "sasanians",
   "title": "The Sasanian Empire",
   "summary": "Zoroastrian state, Middle Persian court culture, Gondishapur learning; Manichaeism and Mazdakism arise.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/sasanians/",
   "year": 224,
   "tags": [
    "Ancient empires",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "224"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ancient empires"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "arab-conquest",
   "title": "Fall of the Sasanians",
   "summary": "Arab conquest completed; conversion to Islam takes some three centuries; Zoroastrians persist in Yazd and Kerman, and some migrate to Gujarat as the Parsis.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/arab-conquest/",
   "year": 651,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "651"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "samanids",
   "title": "The Samanids and New Persian",
   "summary": "New Persian written in Arabic script flourishes under the Samanids; Rudaki writes.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/samanids/",
   "year": 819,
   "tags": [
    "Persian renaissance",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "819 (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Persian renaissance"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "shahnameh",
   "title": "Ferdowsi completes the Shahnameh",
   "summary": "The national epic, about 50,000 couplets, preserves Iranian history and myth in Persian.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/shahnameh/",
   "year": 1010,
   "tags": [
    "Persian renaissance",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1010"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Persian renaissance"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "avicenna-canon",
   "title": "Avicenna's Canon of Medicine",
   "summary": "Ibn Sina's Canon becomes a standard medical text in the Islamic world and Europe for centuries.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/avicenna-canon/",
   "year": 1025,
   "tags": [
    "Persian renaissance",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1025 (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Persian renaissance"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "maragheh",
   "title": "Maragheh observatory",
   "summary": "Nasir al-Din Tusi founds the observatory under the Ilkhanids.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/maragheh/",
   "year": 1259,
   "tags": [
    "Turkic and Mongol era",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1259"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Turkic and Mongol era"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "rumi",
   "title": "Death of Rumi in Konya",
   "summary": "Mawlana Jalal al-Din, born in Balkh, leaves the Masnavi; the Persianate world reaches from Anatolia to India.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/rumi/",
   "year": 1273,
   "tags": [
    "Classical poetry",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1273"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Classical poetry"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "hafez",
   "title": "Death of Hafez in Shiraz",
   "summary": "The Divan of Hafez becomes the most widely read Persian poetry, used for divination at Yalda and Nowruz.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/hafez/",
   "year": 1390,
   "tags": [
    "Classical poetry",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1390 (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Classical poetry"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "safavids",
   "title": "The Safavid state",
   "summary": "Shah Ismail I makes Twelver Shi'ism the state religion, reshaping Iranian identity.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/safavids/",
   "year": 1501,
   "tags": [
    "Early modern Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1501"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Early modern Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "new-julfa",
   "title": "Armenians moved to New Julfa, Isfahan",
   "summary": "Shah Abbas I forcibly transfers the Armenians of Julfa; New Julfa becomes the hub of a global Armenian trading diaspora.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/new-julfa/",
   "year": 1604,
   "tags": [
    "Early modern Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1604"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Early modern Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "turkmenchay",
   "title": "Treaty of Turkmenchay",
   "summary": "After the Treaty of Gulistan (1813), Qajar Iran cedes the South Caucasus to Russia, dividing Azerbaijani lands along the Aras.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/turkmenchay/",
   "year": 1828,
   "tags": [
    "Qajar Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1828"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Qajar Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "bab",
   "title": "The Bab's declaration",
   "summary": "Birth of the Babi movement, from which the Baha'i Faith emerges; Baha'u'llah is exiled, and the Baha'i World Centre is later established in Haifa.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/bab/",
   "year": 1844,
   "tags": [
    "Qajar Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1844"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Qajar Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "akhtar",
   "title": "Akhtar, Persian newspaper in Istanbul",
   "summary": "Early Persian-language press abroad; later Qanun (London, 1890) and Habl al-Matin (Calcutta, 1893).",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/akhtar/",
   "year": 1876,
   "tags": [
    "Qajar Iran",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1876"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Qajar Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "constitution",
   "title": "Constitutional Revolution",
   "summary": "First Majles and constitution; women's associations form; exile politics begins.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/constitution/",
   "year": 1906,
   "tags": [
    "Qajar Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1906"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Qajar Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "pahlavi",
   "title": "Reza Shah founds the Pahlavi dynasty",
   "summary": "Centralisation, conscription, Persian-only schooling, the 1936 unveiling decree.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/pahlavi/",
   "year": 1925,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1925"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "iran-name",
   "title": "Request to use the name Iran",
   "summary": "The government asks foreign states to use \"Iran\" instead of \"Persia\".",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/iran-name/",
   "year": 1935,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1935"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "polish-refugees",
   "title": "Polish refugees in Iran",
   "summary": "Some 116,000 Polish refugees, many of them children, arrive from the USSR; a memory shared with Poland.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/polish-refugees/",
   "year": 1942,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1942"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "azerbaijan-mahabad",
   "title": "End of the Azerbaijan and Mahabad governments",
   "summary": "Soviet-backed autonomous governments in Tabriz and Mahabad end in 1946.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/azerbaijan-mahabad/",
   "year": 1946,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1946"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "jewish-emigration-1948",
   "title": "Large Jewish emigration to Israel begins",
   "summary": "Many Iranian Jews leave for Israel from 1948. The Jewish community of Iran stays, and later waves in 1979 send many to Los Angeles, New York and Israel.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/jewish-emigration-1948/",
   "year": 1948,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1948"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "coup-1953",
   "title": "Coup against Mosaddegh",
   "summary": "Two years after oil nationalisation, a coup removes Prime Minister Mosaddegh. Declassified United States records confirm United States and United Kingdom involvement.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/coup-1953/",
   "year": 1953,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1953"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "bahai-campaign-1955",
   "title": "Anti-Baha'i campaign of 1955",
   "summary": "Sermons and mob attacks against Baha'is in spring 1955 mark the first of several waves of persecution of the community.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/bahai-campaign-1955/",
   "year": 1955,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1955"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "white-revolution",
   "title": "White Revolution and women's suffrage",
   "summary": "Land reform and votes for women; the Confederation of Iranian Students organises abroad.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/white-revolution/",
   "year": 1963,
   "tags": [
    "Pahlavi Iran",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1963"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Pahlavi Iran"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "revolution-1979",
   "title": "The 1979 revolution",
   "summary": "The monarchy falls; the Islamic Republic is founded; the first mass emigration begins.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/revolution-1979/",
   "year": 1979,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1979"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "afghan-refugees-1979",
   "title": "Afghan refugees arrive in Iran",
   "summary": "After the 1979 Soviet intervention millions of Afghans cross into Iran and Pakistan. Many Dari speakers settle in Iran and their children are born there, often without citizenship.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/afghan-refugees-1979/",
   "year": 1979,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1979"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "iran-iraq-war",
   "title": "Iran-Iraq War begins",
   "summary": "Iraq invades Iran on 22 September 1980. Eight years of war (1980 to 1988) follow, with chemical weapons use documented by United Nations missions, mass conscription and a wave of refugees.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/iran-iraq-war/",
   "year": 1980,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1980"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "bahai-women-shiraz-1983",
   "title": "Ten Baha'i women executed in Shiraz",
   "summary": "Ten Baha'i women were hanged in Shiraz in 1983. United Nations bodies have recorded the persecution of the Baha'i community since 1979.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/bahai-women-shiraz-1983/",
   "year": 1983,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1983"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "prison-massacres",
   "title": "1988 mass executions of political prisoners",
   "summary": "Thousands of political prisoners are executed over several months, as documented by human rights organisations and United Nations experts. The number is not agreed. For many in exile it remains a defining memory.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/prison-massacres/",
   "year": 1988,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1988"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "iraqi-kurd-refugees-1991",
   "title": "Iraqi Kurdish refugees flee to Iran",
   "summary": "After the failed uprising of March 1991 large numbers of Iraqi Kurds cross the border into Iran and Turkey.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/iraqi-kurd-refugees-1991/",
   "year": 1991,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "1 listed",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "green-movement",
   "title": "Green Movement",
   "summary": "Mass protests after the disputed presidential election; a new wave of activists and journalists leaves.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/green-movement/",
   "year": 2009,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2009"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "aban-1398",
   "title": "November 2019 protests",
   "summary": "Protests follow a fuel-price rise. Human rights organisations document the killing of hundreds of protesters by security forces; the toll is contested. A near-total internet shutdown follows.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/aban-1398/",
   "year": 2019,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2019"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "ps752",
   "title": "Flight PS752 shot down",
   "summary": "Flight PS752 is shot down near Tehran on 8 January 2020. All 176 people on board are killed, many of them with ties to Canada. Iran's armed forces acknowledge responsibility three days later.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/ps752/",
   "year": 2020,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2020"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "woman-life-freedom",
   "title": "Woman, Life, Freedom",
   "summary": "The death of Jina (Mahsa) Amini on 16 September 2022, after her arrest by the morality police, is followed by nationwide protests and by demonstrations across the diaspora.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/woman-life-freedom/",
   "year": 2022,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2022"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "twelve-day-war",
   "title": "June 2025 war",
   "summary": "Reported: twelve days of armed conflict between Israel and Iran, 13 to 24 June 2025, including United States strikes on Iranian sites. To verify against primary sources.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/twelve-day-war/",
   "year": 2025,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "draft"
   ],
   "status": "draft",
   "label": "secondary",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2025"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "secondary"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "war-2026",
   "title": "2026 protests and war",
   "summary": "Reported: protests from December 2025 to January 2026 in which many protesters were killed, according to human rights organisations; a nationwide internet shutdown; and military strikes on Iran by the United States and Israel from 28 February 2026. To verify; the news area follows the situation.",
   "url": "https://iranians.global/heritage/chronology/war-2026/",
   "year": 2026,
   "tags": [
    "Islamic Republic",
    "draft"
   ],
   "status": "draft",
   "label": "secondary",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2026"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Islamic Republic"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "—"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "secondary"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}