{"id":44,"date":"2026-11-01T13:45:49","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T13:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T13:45:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T13:45:49","slug":"ar-ir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"idcdc\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"More\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 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class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/\">IDCDC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/\">Language<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--knot\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><defs><pattern id=\"pf-knot\" width=\"48\" height=\"20\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><path d=\"M24,3L28.9,14.9M28.9,5.1L24,17M31,10L19.1,14.9M28.9,14.9L17,10M24,17L19.1,5.1M19.1,14.9L24,3M17,10L28.9,5.1M19.1,5.1L31,10M0,10H14.5M33.5,10H48\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" fill=\"url(#pf-knot)\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Language<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Khuzestan and the Gulf coast of Iran; written in Modern Standard Arabic<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/join\/\">Help this language<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"ar-IR\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic): pages\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/learn\/\">Learn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/resources\/\">Resources and preservation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">On this page<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>The language<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Names and perspectives<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Where it is spoken, and by how many<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Status<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Legal status<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Varieties and dialects<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>This language&#8217;s pages<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>How to help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s9\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">09<\/span><span>Sources<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s10\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">10<\/span><span>Research and sources<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>The language<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Codes<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">ISO 639-3: acm, afb \u00b7 Glottocode: meso1252, gulf1241 \u00b7 page code: ar-IR<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Family<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Afro-Asiatic \u203a Semitic \u203a West Semitic \u203a Central Semitic \u203a Arabian \u203a Arabic \u203a Eastern Arabic<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Script<\/dt><dd>Arab, right to left<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Interface<\/dt><dd><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">Main site, native review pending<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Platform phase<\/dt><dd>At launch<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Technology support<\/dt><dd>Well supported<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Shown with<\/dt><dd>Vazirmatn<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Names and perspectives<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Where names, classification or identity are debated, each view is shown with its sources. The platform takes no side.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-endo\" role=\"list\"><li><span lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">\u2018arab\u012b<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">Varieties<\/h3><p>Arabic in Khuzestan belongs to Mesopotamian Arabic. Arabic on the Gulf coast belongs to Gulf Arabic. Both are written in Modern Standard Arabic.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Where it is spoken, and by how many<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>Khuzestan and the Gulf coast of Iran; written in Modern Standard Arabic<\/p><div class=\"pf-lx-unknown\"><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__v\">Unknown<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__t\">Speakers: No speaker figure has been verified for this platform yet. It stays unknown until a census or survey figure is checked with its measure, year and source.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Status<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">The UNESCO World Atlas of Languages is the United Nations source; its status is shown first and stays to verify until the Atlas can be read. Beside it, the Agglomerated Endangerment Status in Glottolog brings together the Catalogue of Endangered Languages, the UNESCO Atlas and Ethnologue. Ethnologue appears only as a secondary source.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Entry<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Basis<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">UNESCO World Atlas of Languages<\/th><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">To verify<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span translate=\"no\">Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic<\/span><\/th><td><span class=\"pf-lx-aes pf-lx-aes--ok\">Not endangered<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3 (Wider communication)<\/span><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Secondary source<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-via\">via Glottolog<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span translate=\"no\">Gulf Arabic<\/span><\/th><td><span class=\"pf-lx-aes pf-lx-aes--ok\">Not endangered<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3 (Wider communication)<\/span><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Secondary source<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-via\">via Glottolog<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Legal status<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">What constitutions say about the language. Quoted from the English translations of the Constitute Project.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><p>The Constitution of Iran (Article 16) requires Arabic, the language of the Quran, to be taught after the elementary level in all classes of secondary school.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Varieties and dialects<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Dialect groups as Glottolog records them. Names stay as published.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-lx-dia\"><div class=\"pf-lx-dia__g\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-dia__t\" translate=\"no\">Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic<\/h3><p class=\"pf-lx-dia__m\">4 dialects recorded<\/p><ul class=\"pf-lx-dia__list\" role=\"list\" translate=\"no\"><li>Anatolian Cluster<\/li><li>Euphrates Cluster<\/li><li>Kawliya<\/li><li>Tigris Cluster<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-dia__g\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-dia__t\" translate=\"no\">Gulf Arabic<\/h3><p class=\"pf-lx-dia__m\">8 dialects recorded<\/p><ul class=\"pf-lx-dia__list\" role=\"list\" translate=\"no\"><li>Al-Hasaa<\/li><li>Al-Has\u00e2<\/li><li>Bahraini Gulf Arabic<\/li><li>Khamseh<\/li><li>Kuwaiti Hadari Arabic<\/li><li>North Qatari Arabic<\/li><li>South Qatari Arabic<\/li><li>Zubair-Faau Arabic<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>This language&#8217;s pages<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Scripts, the alphabet chart, romanisation, numerals, keyboards and fonts.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/learn\/\">Learn<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">A pathway from first steps to fluency, courses, exams and heritage-language programmes.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/resources\/\">Resources and preservation<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Dictionaries, corpora, libraries and media; endangerment and documentation; how to contribute.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>How to help<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Native reviewers: read the Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) pages and mark them reviewed.<\/li><li>Teachers and authors: help write the first Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) course.<\/li><li>Sources: point the research team to openly licensed dictionaries, corpora and recordings. Each enters the sources register for review.<\/li><li>Fonts and keyboards: report any letter that does not display or type correctly.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s9\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">09<\/span>Sources<\/h2>\n  \n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-bib\" role=\"list\"><li id=\"src-glottolog\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span> <span translate=\"no\">CC BY 4.0<\/span> Classification, dialect groups and the Agglomerated Endangerment Status (AES), read 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-unesco-wal\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span> Not reachable when checked on 2026-10-23. Its status for each language is to verify.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-ethnologue\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Secondary source<\/span> Cited only as Glottolog reports it (its AES source). Ethnologue itself was not read.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-constitute\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span> Articles on official languages, read 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Cite this page<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. (2026). <i>Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)<\/i>. iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. 2026. \u201cArabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic).\u201d iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir,\n\tauthor = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \\&amp; Development Council}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Arabic ({Khuzestani} and {Gulf} {Arabic})},\n\turl = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.bib\" download=\"idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.bib\">Download <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - idcdc2026_language_l\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)\nUR  - https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/ar-ir\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.ris\" download=\"idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir.ris\">Download <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licence <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s10\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">10<\/span>Research and sources<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Recent and relevant work on this page&#8217;s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0025100319000203\" rel=\"noopener\">Khuzestani Arabic<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Nawal Bahrani, Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Journal of the International Phonetic Association<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004510241_003\" rel=\"noopener\">General Classification and Internal Subdivisions of Khuzestani Arabic (KhA)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Bettina Leitner \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Chapter<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004510241\" rel=\"noopener\">Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Bettina Leitner \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 BRILL eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Book<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24297\/jal.v7i1.5162\" rel=\"noopener\">Numerical Code-Switching in Khuzestani Arabic<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Matoori \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36348\/merjll.2024.v04i03.001\" rel=\"noopener\">Linguistic Contact and Tracing Persian Construction onto Khuzestani Arabic Structures<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Samad Mirza Suzani, Shohreh Zakerin \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Middle East Research Journal of Linguistics and Literature<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17885\/heiup.859.c13967\" rel=\"noopener\">Conversations Among Women: A Text in the Arabic Dialect of Khuzestan (Southwest Iran)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Bettina Leitner \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Semitic Dialects and Dialectology<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Chapter<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.32845.56805\" rel=\"noopener\">VOT in Khuzestani Arabic voicing contrast<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Nawal Bahrani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Unpublished<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/18776930-20210005\" rel=\"noopener\">The polyfunctional lexeme \/fard\/ in the Arabic dialects of Iraq and Khuzestan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Bettina Leitner, Stephan Proch\u00e1zka \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Brill s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2318\/1769682\" rel=\"noopener\">Agreement Patterns in Khuzestani Arabic<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Simone Bettega, Bettina Leitner \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/languages6040198\" rel=\"noopener\">New Perspectives on the Urban\u2013Rural Dichotomy and Dialect Contact in the Arabic g\u0259l\u0259t Dialects in Iraq and South-West Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Bettina Leitner \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Languages<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.27002.30408\" rel=\"noopener\">NEGATION IN KHUZESTANI ARABIC AND SADAT TAWAHER SIGN LANGUAGE<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sa&#8217;d \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Unpublished<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25394\/pgs.24759810\" rel=\"noopener\">Negation in Khuzestani Arabic &amp; Sadat Tawaher Sign Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sad \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Purdue University Graduate School<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Thesis<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sources, licences and fetch dates: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Build it with us\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Build it with us<\/h2><p>Join as a member, or tell us what your city needs. 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