{"id":50,"date":"2026-11-01T13:46:01","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T13:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T13:46:01","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T13:46:01","slug":"hac","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawrami (Gorani)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"idcdc\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"More\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 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class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/\">IDCDC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/\">Language<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Hawrami (Gorani)<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--knot\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><defs><pattern id=\"pf-knot\" width=\"48\" height=\"20\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><path d=\"M24,3L28.9,14.9M28.9,5.1L24,17M31,10L19.1,14.9M28.9,14.9L17,10M24,17L19.1,5.1M19.1,14.9L24,3M17,10L28.9,5.1M19.1,5.1L31,10M0,10H14.5M33.5,10H48\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" fill=\"url(#pf-knot)\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Language<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Hawrami (Gorani)<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Hawraman, Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/join\/\">Help this language<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Hawrami (Gorani): pages\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/linguistics\/\">Linguistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/learn\/\">Learn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/resources\/\">Resources and preservation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">On this page<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>The language<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Names and perspectives<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Where it is spoken, and by how many<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Status<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Varieties and dialects<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>This language&#8217;s pages<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>How to help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Sources<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s9\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">09<\/span><span>Research and sources<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>The language<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Codes<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">ISO 639-3: hac \u00b7 Glottocode: gura1251 \u00b7 page code: hac<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Family<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Indo-European \u203a Classical Indo-European \u203a Indo-Iranian \u203a Iranian-Nuristani \u203a Iranian \u203a Central Iranian PBS \u203a Central Iranian PB \u203a Northwestern Iranian \u203a Adharic \u203a Gorani<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Script<\/dt><dd>Arab, right to left<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Interface<\/dt><dd><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">In preparation<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Platform phase<\/dt><dd>By demand<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Technology support<\/dt><dd>Not supported by major engines<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Shown with<\/dt><dd>Estedad<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Names and perspectives<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Where names, classification or identity are debated, each view is shown with its sources. The platform takes no side.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-endo\" role=\"list\"><li><span lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">hewram\u00ee<\/span><\/li><li><span lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06af\u06c6\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">goran\u00ee<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">Names<\/h3><p>Gorani names the wider group and the literary language of the Ardalan court and of Yarsan scripture. Hawrami is its main living variety. ISO 639-3 uses the name Gurani (hac).<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-\u012b Luh\u014dn). Munksgaard. (1966)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Mahmoudveysi, Bailey, Paul and Haig. The Gorani Language of Gawraju. Reichert. (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">Classification and identity<\/h3><p>Linguists classify Gorani as Northwestern Iranian, outside the Kurdish group. Glottolog places it with Zazaki. Most speakers identify as Kurds and call Hawrami a Kurdish dialect.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-\u012b Luh\u014dn). Munksgaard. (1966)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Where it is spoken, and by how many<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>Hawraman, Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces<\/p><div class=\"pf-lx-unknown\"><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__v\">Unknown<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__t\">Speakers: No speaker figure has been verified for this platform yet. It stays unknown until a census or survey figure is checked with its measure, year and source.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Status<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">The UNESCO World Atlas of Languages is the United Nations source; its status is shown first and stays to verify until the Atlas can be read. Beside it, the Agglomerated Endangerment Status in Glottolog brings together the Catalogue of Endangered Languages, the UNESCO Atlas and Ethnologue. Ethnologue appears only as a secondary source.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Entry<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Basis<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">UNESCO World Atlas of Languages<\/th><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">To verify<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span translate=\"no\">Gurani<\/span><\/th><td><span class=\"pf-lx-aes pf-lx-aes--pend\">Threatened<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">Vulnerable<\/span><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Campbell, Lee, Okura, Simpson and Ueki. The Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ElCat). (2022)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Secondary source<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-via\">via Glottolog<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Varieties and dialects<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Dialect groups as Glottolog records them. Names stay as published.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-lx-dia\"><div class=\"pf-lx-dia__g\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-dia__t\" translate=\"no\">Gurani<\/h3><p class=\"pf-lx-dia__m\">7 dialects recorded<\/p><ul class=\"pf-lx-dia__list\" role=\"list\" translate=\"no\"><li>Hawraman-I Luhon<\/li><li>Hawraman-I Taxt<\/li><li>Kakai<\/li><li>Nuclear Gurani<\/li><li>Zardayana<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sources<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>This language&#8217;s pages<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/writing\/\">Writing<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Scripts, the alphabet chart, romanisation, numerals, keyboards and fonts.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/linguistics\/\">Linguistics<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Sounds in IPA, pronunciation, grammar and core words compared with neighbouring languages.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/learn\/\">Learn<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">A pathway from first steps to fluency, courses, exams and heritage-language programmes.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/resources\/\">Resources and preservation<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Dictionaries, corpora, libraries and media; endangerment and documentation; how to contribute.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>How to help<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Native translators: translate the pages into Hawrami (Gorani). This language gets human translation only.<\/li><li>Teachers and authors: help write the first Hawrami (Gorani) course.<\/li><li>Sources: point the research team to openly licensed dictionaries, corpora and recordings. Each enters the sources register for review.<\/li><li>Fonts and keyboards: report any letter that does not display or type correctly.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Sources<\/h2>\n  \n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-bib\" role=\"list\"><li id=\"src-glottolog\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verified<\/span> <span translate=\"no\">CC BY 4.0<\/span> Classification, dialect groups and the Agglomerated Endangerment Status (AES), read 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-mackenzie1966\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-\u012b Luh\u014dn). Munksgaard. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">1966<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-mahmoudveysi2012\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Mahmoudveysi, Bailey, Paul and Haig. The Gorani Language of Gawraju. Reichert. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2012<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-iso639-3\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span> Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-haig-opengin2014\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2014<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-unesco-wal\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">To verify<\/span> Not reachable when checked on 2026-10-23. Its status for each language is to verify.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-elcat\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Campbell, Lee, Okura, Simpson and Ueki. The Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ElCat). <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2022<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Secondary source<\/span> Cited only as Glottolog reports it (its AES source).<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Cite this page<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. (2026). <i>Hawrami (Gorani)<\/i>. iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. 2026. \u201cHawrami (Gorani).\u201d iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{idcdc2026_language_languages_hac,\n\tauthor = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \\&amp; Development Council}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Hawrami ({Gorani})},\n\turl = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.bib\" download=\"idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.bib\">Download <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - idcdc2026_language_l\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Hawrami (Gorani)\nUR  - https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/languages\/hac\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copy<\/span><span hidden>Copied<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.ris\" download=\"idcdc2026_language_languages_hac.ris\">Download <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licence <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s9\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">09<\/span>Research and sources<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Recent and relevant work on this page&#8217;s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30845\/ijll.v10n3p1\" rel=\"noopener\">Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 International Journal of Language &amp; Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2110.14398\" rel=\"noopener\">Can Linguistic Distance help Language Classification? Assessing Hawrami-Zaza and Kurmanji-Sorani<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2409.16884\" rel=\"noopener\">Shifting from endangerment to rebirth in the Artificial Intelligence Age: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Hawrami Text Classification<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Aram Khaksar, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33137\/twpl.v45i1.41680\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ezafe in Hawrami<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sable Andrew Peters, Zaniar Naghshbandi, Arwin Rasouli \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2026.103000\" rel=\"noopener\">An Autosomal STR panel for population, forensic, and clinical genetics, integrated with CODIS-based analysis of the Iraqi Hawrami ethnic minority.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Albarzinji BM, Mohammad AK, Ismael B et al. \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Leg Med (Tokyo)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31918\/twejer.2031.02\" rel=\"noopener\">The Productivity of Affixes of Words Derived from Bases in Hawrami Dialect<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2020 \u00b7 Twejer<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783111168852-002\" rel=\"noopener\">2 Examining the structural differences and similarities between literary Gorani and Hawrami through the lens of diglossia<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed Karami, Saloumeh Gholami \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 De Gruyter eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Chapter<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-ND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25405\/ncl.34589427\" rel=\"noopener\">The noun phrase in Hawrami<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jan Holmberg, D Odden \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Newcastle University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Chapter<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">Copyrighted<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22126\/jlw.2021.6858.1578\" rel=\"noopener\">The Study of Social Factors&#8217; Role in Phonological and Lexical Variations in Hawrami (Paveh Dialect) based on Variationist Sociolinguistics<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Nadya Safiei, Ebrahim Badakhshan, Masood Dehghan et al. \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-023-08448-8\" rel=\"noopener\">Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Peshnyar M.A. Rashid, Gaza F. Salih \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Molecular Biology Reports<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jlw.razi.ac.ir\/article_508_0ef261f5164af2c3445d3b5b256f534c.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Investigating Three Morphemes \u201c-\u00e6n\u00e6\u201d, \u201c-\u00e6w\u00e6\u201d and \u201c-\u00e6\u027e\u00e6\u201d in Hawrami: Postposition or Case Marker<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Fateme Yousefirad, \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u00b7 2015 \u00b7 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29091\/9783752005356\" rel=\"noopener\">The Gorani language of Zarda, a village of West Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey \u00b7 2013 \u00b7 Reichert Verlag eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Book<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sources, licences and fetch dates: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Build it with us\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Build it with us<\/h2><p>Join as a member, or tell us what your city needs. You choose what you share.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Join<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Your profile<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Network\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 21.7,78.3 27.8,59.2 10,50 27.8,40.8 21.7,21.7 40.8,27.8\" class=\"m0f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 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