{"id":2134,"date":"2026-11-02T04:03:35","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T04:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/information-security\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T05:45:02","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T05:45:02","slug":"information-security","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/information-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Information security"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/learn\/\" data-net=\"idcdc\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"M\u00e1s\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 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<path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\" aria-label=\"Programas nacionales\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionales\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/iranian-diaspora-cooperation-development-council-idcdc\/\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Carta\" data-tip=\"Carta\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 12h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M15 8h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M19 17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4\" \/> <path d=\"M8 21h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H11a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a2 2 0 1 1-4 0V5a2 2 0 1 0-4 0v2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/protected-participation\/\" aria-label=\"Participaci\u00f3n protegida\" data-tip=\"Participaci\u00f3n protegida\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\" \/> <path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-tabbar\" aria-label=\"\u00c1reas\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><span>Inicio<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>Programas nacionales<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>Calendario<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Men\u00fa<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Esta p\u00e1gina es una traducci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 siendo revisada por hablantes nativos; la p\u00e1gina en ingl\u00e9s es la referencia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Ruta de navegaci\u00f3n\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/\">IDCDC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/\">Academia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/faculties\/\">Facultades<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/faculties\/natural-sciences\/\">Facultad de Ciencias Naturales<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/faculties\/natural-sciences\/computing-information\/\">Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n y Ciencias de la Informaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<p class=\"pf-acad-strip\"><span class=\"pf-term\" data-pf-term=\"academy\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-term__btn\" aria-describedby=\"pf-term-academy\"><abbr title=\"El espacio de aprendizaje entre pares del Consejo, abierto a contribuyentes de todo origen; no es una universidad y no otorga t\u00edtulos.\">Academia<\/abbr><\/button><span class=\"pf-term__tip\" role=\"tooltip\" id=\"pf-term-academy\">El espacio de aprendizaje entre pares del Consejo, abierto a contribuyentes de todo origen; no es una universidad y no otorga t\u00edtulos.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-acad-strip__text\">El espacio de aprendizaje entre pares de IDCDC, abierto a colaboradores de todos los or\u00edgenes.<\/span><\/p>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--knot\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><defs><pattern id=\"pf-knot\" width=\"48\" height=\"20\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><path d=\"M24,3L28.9,14.9M28.9,5.1L24,17M31,10L19.1,14.9M28.9,14.9L17,10M24,17L19.1,5.1M19.1,14.9L24,3M17,10L28.9,5.1M19.1,5.1L31,10M0,10H14.5M33.5,10H48\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" fill=\"url(#pf-knot)\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Disciplina<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">La seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n protege a las personas y los sistemas de la vigilancia, el phishing y el robo de cuentas.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"#contribute\">Contribuya a este campo<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/\">Todas las disciplinas<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Estado<\/dt><dd>Abierto<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Campos<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Cursos<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Facultad<\/dt><dd>Facultad de Ciencias Naturales<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"discipline\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Antes de empezar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">El Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council es una red entre pares. No es una universidad y no act\u00faa por ning\u00fan gobierno, partido, empresa ni organismo religioso.<\/span><span class=\"pf-notice__tags\"><span class=\"pf-notice__tag\">Seguridad<\/span><\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Los cursos los redactan y revisan pares. Los esquemas son borradores hasta la revisi\u00f3n de expertos.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">En contexto<\/h3><ul class=\"pf-notice__ctx\" role=\"list\"><li data-pf-context=\"safety\"><strong>Seguridad<\/strong> <span>Las orientaciones de seguridad aqu\u00ed son generales. Su riesgo depende de qui\u00e9n es usted y de d\u00f3nde se encuentra. Participaci\u00f3n protegida explica c\u00f3mo se protege a los miembros.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/protected-participation\/\">Participaci\u00f3n protegida<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">C\u00f3mo trata esta p\u00e1gina la evidencia<\/h3><p>Cada cifra indica su medida, a\u00f1o, fuente y etiqueta. Lo desconocido se muestra como desconocido.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento coincide con su registro primario, como la tabla oficial o la entrada de Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fuente secundaria<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: la cifra procede de un informe fiable sobre la fuente, no de la fuente misma.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Por verificar<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento figura tal como se encontr\u00f3 y a\u00fan debe cotejarse con su fuente.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Fuentes<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Registros acad\u00e9micos abiertos sobre este tema, de \u00edndices aprobados. Se enumeran como referencia y a\u00fan no se han revisado.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">tawana mohammadi (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: Historical Roots, Mechanisms, and Societal Consequences<\/a>. tawana. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\">10.5281\/zenodo.17411924<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Imad Payande (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;b&gt;Internet in Iran&lt;\/b&gt;: Censorship, Sanctions, and the Challenges Facing Users<\/a>. Elsevier BV. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\">10.2139\/ssrn.4879453<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Alireza Hashemzadegan, Ali Gholami (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: An Inside Look<\/a>. Cyberspace Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\">10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Arash Aryapour (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2507.14183\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s Stealth Internet Blackout: A New Model of Censorship<\/a>. arXiv.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Censorship, Surveillance, and Propaganda: The Cases of Iran and Russia<\/a> (2020). Autocracy and Resistance in the Internet Age. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\">10.1515\/9781626379190-004<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Notifique un error<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/about-this-network\/\">Qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"En esta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">En esta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Campos<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Clasificaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Cursos<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Contribuya a este campo<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Subsitios de servicios relacionados<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>M\u00e1s en este departamento<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Campos<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Los campos que abarca esta disciplina.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-acad-fields\" role=\"list\"><li>Seguridad digital personal y familiar<\/li><li>Modelado de amenazas<\/li><li>Comunicaci\u00f3n segura<\/li><li>Censura y cortes de la red<\/li><li>Manejo seguro de las pruebas<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Clasificaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">D\u00f3nde se sit\u00faa la disciplina en las listas internacionales de campos.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Clasificaci\u00f3n<\/th><th scope=\"col\">C\u00f3digo<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Organismo responsable<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2015\/10\/frascati-manual-2015_g1g57dcb\/9789264239012-en.pdf\" translate=\"no\">OECD Fields of Research and Development (FORD), Frascati Manual 2015, Table 2.2<\/a><\/th><td><code>1.2<\/code><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">OECD<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000235049_eng\" translate=\"no\">ISCED Fields of Education and Training 2013 (ISCED-F 2013)<\/a><\/th><td><code>0612<\/code><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">UNESCO Institute for Statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Cursos<\/h2>\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-h3 pf-h3--group\">Con esquema <span class=\"pf-h3__count\">1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"F\" data-wave=\"1\" data-status=\"outlined\" data-openedx=\"package-ready\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n \u00b7 Fundamentos<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/digital-safety-for-families\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Seguridad digital para las familias<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Protecci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica para familias que pueden ser vigiladas, v\u00edctimas de phishing o presionadas por ser quienes son.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Ola 1 \u00b7 8 h <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Esquema redactado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"pf-h3 pf-h3--group\">Propuesto <span class=\"pf-h3__count\">3<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n \u00b7 Profesional<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/threat-modelling-for-activists-and-organisers\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Modelado de amenazas para activistas y organizadores<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Esquema en preparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Ola 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Planificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n \u00b7 Profesional<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/safe-documentation-of-abuses\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Documentaci\u00f3n segura de los abusos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Esquema en preparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Ola 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Planificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"F\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Seguridad de la informaci\u00f3n \u00b7 Fundamentos<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/helping-relatives-through-censorship-and-shutdowns\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Ayudar a los familiares ante la censura y los cortes de internet<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Esquema en preparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Ola 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Planificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-acad-honest\">Un registro de finalizaci\u00f3n muestra lo que se estudi\u00f3 y evalu\u00f3. No es un certificado ni una titulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/communities\/media-information\/\">Comunidad de pr\u00e1ctica: Medios e Integridad de la Informaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Una comunidad de pr\u00e1ctica propuesta para periodistas y profesionales de la informaci\u00f3n de la di\u00e1spora iran\u00ed.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propuesto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Contribuya a este campo<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Expertos de todos los or\u00edgenes ense\u00f1an, revisan y hacen avanzar el campo.<\/p>\n  <span class=\"pf-acad-anchor\" id=\"contribute\"><\/span><ul class=\"pf-features\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">01<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Autor del curso<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Escriba o revise un curso de este campo, desde su esquema hasta sus lecciones.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">02<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Revisor experto<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Revise esquemas, lecciones y evaluaciones de su campo antes de que empiece la ense\u00f1anza.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">03<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Traductor<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Traduzca los cursos y las p\u00e1ginas de este campo a las lenguas de la comunidad.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">04<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Organismo responsable<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Mantenga al d\u00eda el mapa del campo con sus cursos, fuentes y colaboradores.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/join\/\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Subsitios de servicios relacionados<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/civic\/es\/\">Vida c\u00edvica<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Educaci\u00f3n c\u00edvica, conocimiento de los derechos, di\u00e1logo y gu\u00edas para reci\u00e9n llegados.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/opportunities\/es\/\">Oportunidades<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Empleo, mentor\u00eda, becas y emprendimiento.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>M\u00e1s en este departamento<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propuesto<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/computer-science\/\">Inform\u00e1tica<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">La inform\u00e1tica estudia la computaci\u00f3n, los algoritmos y el software que se construye sobre ellos.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cursos<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> campos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propuesto<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/data-science\/\">Ciencia de datos<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">La ciencia de datos convierte los datos en evidencia mediante la estad\u00edstica y la computaci\u00f3n, con normas de privacidad.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cursos<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">4<\/span> campos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propuesto<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/natural-language-processing\/\">Tecnolog\u00eda del lenguaje<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">La tecnolog\u00eda del lenguaje crea herramientas que leen, traducen y hablan lenguas humanas, incluidos el persa y las dem\u00e1s lenguas de Ir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cursos<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> campos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. (2026). <i>Information security<\/i>. iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/information-security\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. 2026. \u201cInformation Security.\u201d iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/information-security\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security,\n\tauthor = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \\&amp; Development Council}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Information security},\n\turl = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\" download=\"idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - idcdc2026_learn_disc\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Information security\nUR  - https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\" download=\"idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licencia <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabajos recientes y pertinentes sobre el tema de esta p\u00e1gina, de fuentes acad\u00e9micas abiertas aprobadas. Solo metadatos y enlaces. Los t\u00edtulos se mantienen tal como se publicaron. A\u00fan sin revisar.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: Historical Roots, Mechanisms, and Societal Consequences<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">tawana mohammadi \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 tawana<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Notificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;b&gt;Internet in Iran&lt;\/b&gt;: Censorship, Sanctions, and the Challenges Facing Users<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Imad Payande \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Elsevier BV<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: An Inside Look<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Alireza Hashemzadegan, Ali Gholami \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Cyberspace Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2507.14183\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s Stealth Internet Blackout: A New Model of Censorship<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Arash Aryapour \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Censorship, Surveillance, and Propaganda: The Cases of Iran and Russia<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2020 \u00b7 Autocracy and Resistance in the Internet Age<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.1306.4361\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimming the Internet: Detecting Throttling as a Mechanism of Censorship in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Collin Anderson \u00b7 2013 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2603.28753\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s January 2026 Internet Shutdown: Public Data, Censorship Methods, and Circumvention Techniques<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Giuseppe Aceto, Valerio Persico, Antonio Pescap\u00e8 \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aspp.12182\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Rouhani&#8217;s Iran: The \u201cWooden Sword\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Babak Rahimi \u00b7 2015 \u00b7 Asian Politics &amp; Policy<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ruj.uj.edu.pl\/xmlui\/handle\/item\/29857\" rel=\"noopener\">Communication, culture promotion and struggle with censorship : zoroastrian religious minority of Iran on the Internet<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Paulina Niechcia\u0142 \u00b7 2010 \u00b7 Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47176\/mjiri.37.57\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers and Problems in Implementing Health-Associated Infections Surveillance Systems in Iran: A Qualitative Study<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">HIV\/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Naser Nasiri, Parvini Mangolian Shahrbabak et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9780755610136.ch-03\" rel=\"noopener\">Web of Control and Censorship: State and Blogosphere in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2010 \u00b7 Blogistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-81538-6_3\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet, Social Media, and Politics in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Kermani \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Springer eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fuentes, licencias y fechas de consulta: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Constr\u00fayelo con nosotros\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Constr\u00fayelo con nosotros<\/h2><p>Hazte miembro o cu\u00e9ntanos qu\u00e9 necesita tu ciudad. T\u00fa eliges qu\u00e9 compartes.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Afiliarse<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Tu perfil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/contact\/\">Contacto<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Red\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 21.7,78.3 27.8,59.2 10,50 27.8,40.8 21.7,21.7 40.8,27.8\" class=\"m0f\"\/><polygon 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