{"id":3485,"date":"2026-11-02T04:49:49","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T04:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/information-security\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T04:49:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T04:49:49","slug":"information-security","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/information-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Information security"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/learn\/\" data-net=\"idcdc\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Lainnya\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 21.7,78.3 27.8,59.2 10,50 27.8,40.8 21.7,21.7 40.8,27.8\" class=\"m0f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 21.7,78.3 27.8,59.2 10,50 27.8,40.8 21.7,21.7 40.8,27.8\" class=\"m2s\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"5\"\/><polygon points=\"62,55 55,62 45,62 38,55 38,45 45,38 55,38 62,45\" class=\"m1f\"\/><\/svg><span><b>IDCDC<\/b><small translate=\"no\">iranians.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/\" data-area=\"learn\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>IDCDC<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Akademi<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Jaringan\"><span>Jaringan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bidang<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akademi<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Fakultas, disiplin, kursus, dan komunitas praktik, dari studi Persia hingga kesehatan masyarakat.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/heritage\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Warisan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Sejarah dari Elam hingga kini, kalender, agama dan kepercayaan, seni, sastra, dan kuliner.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/language\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Bahasa Persia dan bahasa-bahasa Iran, aksara, serta sumber pengajaran.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/research\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Riset<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Observatorium diaspora, daftar bacaan, dan riset yang sedang berjalan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/opportunities\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Peluang<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Pekerjaan, pendampingan, beasiswa, dan usaha.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/civic\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Kewargaan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Pendidikan kewargaan, literasi hak, dialog, dan panduan bagi pendatang baru.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/development\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Pembangunan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi: Cabang, generasi, usaha, dan kesiapsiagaan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/news\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Berita dan acara<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Berita dari banyak media, masing-masing diberi label menurut pemiliknya, dan kalender komunitas.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">IDCDC<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/\">Beranda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Program negara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/areas\/\">Bidang kerja<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Diaspora Iran<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Program negara\"><span>Program negara<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Program negara<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Semua 49 program 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0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>Akademi<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>Program negara<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>Kalender<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Menu<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Halaman ini adalah terjemahan. Penutur asli sedang meninjaunya; halaman bahasa Inggris menjadi acuan.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Remah roti\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/\">IDCDC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/\">Akademi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/faculties\/\">Fakultas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/faculties\/natural-sciences\/\">Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/faculties\/natural-sciences\/computing-information\/\">Departemen Ilmu Komputasi dan Informasi<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Keamanan informasi<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<p class=\"pf-acad-strip\"><span class=\"pf-term\" data-pf-term=\"academy\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-term__btn\" aria-describedby=\"pf-term-academy\"><abbr title=\"Ruang belajar sejawat Dewan, terbuka bagi kontributor dari segala latar belakang; ini bukan universitas dan tidak memberikan gelar.\">Akademi<\/abbr><\/button><span class=\"pf-term__tip\" role=\"tooltip\" id=\"pf-term-academy\">Ruang belajar sejawat Dewan, terbuka bagi kontributor dari segala latar belakang; ini bukan universitas dan tidak memberikan gelar.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-acad-strip__text\">Ruang belajar antarsesama IDCDC, terbuka bagi kontributor dari semua latar belakang.<\/span><\/p>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--knot\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><defs><pattern id=\"pf-knot\" width=\"48\" height=\"20\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\"><path d=\"M24,3L28.9,14.9M28.9,5.1L24,17M31,10L19.1,14.9M28.9,14.9L17,10M24,17L19.1,5.1M19.1,14.9L24,3M17,10L28.9,5.1M19.1,5.1L31,10M0,10H14.5M33.5,10H48\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" fill=\"url(#pf-knot)\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Disiplin<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Keamanan informasi<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Keamanan informasi melindungi orang dan sistem dari pengintaian, phishing, dan pengambilalihan akun.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"#contribute\">Berkontribusi pada bidang ini<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/\">Semua disiplin<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Dibuka<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Bidang<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Kursus<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Fakultas<\/dt><dd>Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"discipline\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Sebelum Anda mulai<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council adalah jaringan sejawat. Ini bukan universitas dan tidak bertindak untuk pemerintah, partai, korporasi atau badan keagamaan mana pun.<\/span><span class=\"pf-notice__tags\"><span class=\"pf-notice__tag\">Keamanan<\/span><\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Kursus ditulis dan ditinjau oleh sesama rekan. Garis besar tetap berupa draf sampai ditinjau ahli.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Dalam konteks<\/h3><ul class=\"pf-notice__ctx\" role=\"list\"><li data-pf-context=\"safety\"><strong>Keamanan<\/strong> <span>Panduan keamanan di sini bersifat umum. Risiko Anda bergantung pada siapa Anda dan di mana Anda berada. Partisipasi terlindungi menjelaskan cara anggota dilindungi.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\">Partisipasi terlindungi<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Cara halaman ini menangani bukti<\/h3><p>Setiap angka disertai ukuran, tahun, sumber, dan labelnya. Yang tidak diketahui ditampilkan sebagai tidak diketahui.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/dt><dd>Label: item cocok dengan catatan primernya, seperti tabel resmi atau entri Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Sumber sekunder<\/span><\/dt><dd>Label: angka berasal dari laporan tepercaya tentang sumbernya, bukan dari sumber itu sendiri.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Perlu diverifikasi<\/span><\/dt><dd>Label: item dicantumkan sebagaimana ditemukan dan masih perlu diperiksa terhadap sumbernya.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Sumber<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Catatan ilmiah terbuka tentang subjek ini, dari indeks yang disetujui. Dicantumkan sebagai rujukan, belum ditinjau.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">tawana mohammadi (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: Historical Roots, Mechanisms, and Societal Consequences<\/a>. tawana. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\">10.5281\/zenodo.17411924<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Imad Payande (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;b&gt;Internet in Iran&lt;\/b&gt;: Censorship, Sanctions, and the Challenges Facing Users<\/a>. Elsevier BV. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\">10.2139\/ssrn.4879453<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Alireza Hashemzadegan, Ali Gholami (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: An Inside Look<\/a>. Cyberspace Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\">10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Arash Aryapour (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2507.14183\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s Stealth Internet Blackout: A New Model of Censorship<\/a>. arXiv.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Censorship, Surveillance, and Propaganda: The Cases of Iran and Russia<\/a> (2020). Autocracy and Resistance in the Internet Age. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\">10.1515\/9781626379190-004<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Kutip halaman ini<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/news\/id\/corrections\/\">Laporkan kesalahan<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/about-this-network\/\">Apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Di halaman ini\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Di halaman ini<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Bidang<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Klasifikasi<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Kursus<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Komunitas praktik<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Berkontribusi pada bidang ini<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Subsitus layanan terkait<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Lainnya di departemen ini<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Riset dan sumber<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Bidang<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Bidang-bidang yang dicakup disiplin ini.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-acad-fields\" role=\"list\"><li>Keamanan digital pribadi dan keluarga<\/li><li>Pemodelan ancaman<\/li><li>Komunikasi aman<\/li><li>Sensor dan pemutusan jaringan<\/li><li>Penanganan bukti secara aman<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Klasifikasi<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Posisi disiplin dalam daftar bidang internasional.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Skema<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pengampu<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2015\/10\/frascati-manual-2015_g1g57dcb\/9789264239012-en.pdf\" translate=\"no\">OECD Fields of Research and Development (FORD), Frascati Manual 2015, Table 2.2<\/a><\/th><td><code>1.2<\/code><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">OECD<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000235049_eng\" translate=\"no\">ISCED Fields of Education and Training 2013 (ISCED-F 2013)<\/a><\/th><td><code>0612<\/code><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">UNESCO Institute for Statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Kursus<\/h2>\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-h3 pf-h3--group\">Berkerangka <span class=\"pf-h3__count\">1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"F\" data-wave=\"1\" data-status=\"outlined\" data-openedx=\"package-ready\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Keamanan informasi \u00b7 Dasar<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/digital-safety-for-families\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Keamanan digital untuk keluarga<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Perlindungan praktis bagi keluarga yang mungkin diawasi, dijebak phishing, atau ditekan karena siapa mereka.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Gelombang 1 \u00b7 8 jam <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Kerangka disusun<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"pf-h3 pf-h3--group\">Diusulkan <span class=\"pf-h3__count\">3<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Keamanan informasi \u00b7 Praktisi<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/threat-modelling-for-activists-and-organisers\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Pemodelan ancaman bagi aktivis dan penyelenggara<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Kerangka sedang disiapkan.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Gelombang 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Direncanakan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Keamanan informasi \u00b7 Praktisi<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/safe-documentation-of-abuses\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dokumentasi pelanggaran yang aman<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Kerangka sedang disiapkan.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Gelombang 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Direncanakan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"digital-safety\" data-faculty=\"natural-sciences\" data-level=\"F\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\" data-openedx=\"outline-in-preparation\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Keamanan informasi \u00b7 Dasar<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/catalogue\/helping-relatives-through-censorship-and-shutdowns\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Membantu kerabat menghadapi sensor dan pemutusan internet<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Kerangka sedang disiapkan.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Gelombang 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Direncanakan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-acad-honest\">Catatan penyelesaian menunjukkan apa yang dipelajari dan dinilai. Catatan ini bukan sertifikat atau kualifikasi.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Komunitas praktik<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/communities\/media-information\/\">Komunitas praktik: Media dan Integritas Informasi<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Komunitas praktik yang diusulkan untuk jurnalis dan profesional informasi diaspora Iran.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Diusulkan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Berkontribusi pada bidang ini<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Para ahli dari setiap latar belakang mengajar, meninjau, dan memajukan bidang ini.<\/p>\n  <span class=\"pf-acad-anchor\" id=\"contribute\"><\/span><ul class=\"pf-features\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">01<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Penulis kursus<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Tulis atau revisi kursus bidang ini, dari kerangkanya hingga pelajarannya.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">02<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Peninjau ahli<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Tinjau kerangka, pelajaran, dan penilaian di bidang Anda sebelum pengajaran dimulai.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">03<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Penerjemah<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Terjemahkan kursus dan halaman bidang ini ke dalam bahasa-bahasa komunitas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">04<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Pengampu<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Jaga agar peta kursus, sumber, dan kontributor bidang ini tetap mutakhir.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/get-involved\/\">Ikut serta<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/join\/\">Bergabung<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Subsitus layanan terkait<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/civic\/id\/\">Kewargaan<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Pendidikan kewargaan, literasi hak, dialog, dan panduan bagi pendatang baru.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/opportunities\/id\/\">Peluang<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Pekerjaan, pendampingan, beasiswa, dan usaha.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Lainnya di departemen ini<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Diusulkan<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/computer-science\/\">Ilmu komputer<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ilmu komputer mempelajari komputasi, algoritma, dan perangkat lunak yang dibangun di atasnya.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> kursus<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> bidang<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Diusulkan<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/data-science\/\">Ilmu data<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ilmu data mengubah data menjadi bukti dengan statistika dan komputasi, di bawah aturan privasi.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> kursus<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">4<\/span> bidang<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Diusulkan<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/natural-language-processing\/\">Teknologi bahasa<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Teknologi bahasa membangun perangkat yang membaca, menerjemahkan, dan mengucapkan bahasa manusia, termasuk bahasa Persia dan bahasa-bahasa Iran lainnya.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> kursus<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> bidang<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Kutip halaman ini<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. (2026). <i>Information security<\/i>. iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/information-security\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &#38; Development Council. 2026. \u201cInformation Security.\u201d iranians.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/id\/disciplines\/information-security\/\">https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security,\n\tauthor = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \\&amp; Development Council}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Information security},\n\turl = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\" download=\"idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.bib\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation &amp; Development Council\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - idcdc2026_learn_disc\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Information security\nUR  - https:\/\/iranians.global\/learn\/disciplines\/information-security\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/iranians-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\" download=\"idcdc2026_learn_disciplines_information_security.ris\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Lisensi <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Riset dan sumber<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Karya terbaru dan relevan tentang topik halaman ini, dari sumber ilmiah terbuka yang disetujui. Hanya metadata dan tautan. Judul tetap seperti diterbitkan. Belum ditinjau.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17411924\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: Historical Roots, Mechanisms, and Societal Consequences<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">tawana mohammadi \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 tawana<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Laporkan<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4879453\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;b&gt;Internet in Iran&lt;\/b&gt;: Censorship, Sanctions, and the Challenges Facing Users<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Imad Payande \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Elsevier BV<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/jcss.2022.349715.1080\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Iran: An Inside Look<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Alireza Hashemzadegan, Ali Gholami \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Cyberspace Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2507.14183\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s Stealth Internet Blackout: A New Model of Censorship<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Arash Aryapour \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781626379190-004\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Censorship, Surveillance, and Propaganda: The Cases of Iran and Russia<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2020 \u00b7 Autocracy and Resistance in the Internet Age<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Cabang<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.1306.4361\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimming the Internet: Detecting Throttling as a Mechanism of Censorship in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Collin Anderson \u00b7 2013 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2603.28753\" rel=\"noopener\">Iran&#8217;s January 2026 Internet Shutdown: Public Data, Censorship Methods, and Circumvention Techniques<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Giuseppe Aceto, Valerio Persico, Antonio Pescap\u00e8 \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aspp.12182\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Censorship in Rouhani&#8217;s Iran: The \u201cWooden Sword\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Babak Rahimi \u00b7 2015 \u00b7 Asian Politics &amp; Policy<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ruj.uj.edu.pl\/xmlui\/handle\/item\/29857\" rel=\"noopener\">Communication, culture promotion and struggle with censorship : zoroastrian religious minority of Iran on the Internet<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Paulina Niechcia\u0142 \u00b7 2010 \u00b7 Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Cabang<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47176\/mjiri.37.57\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers and Problems in Implementing Health-Associated Infections Surveillance Systems in Iran: A Qualitative Study<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">HIV\/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Naser Nasiri, Parvini Mangolian Shahrbabak et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9780755610136.ch-03\" rel=\"noopener\">Web of Control and Censorship: State and Blogosphere in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2010 \u00b7 Blogistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Cabang<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-81538-6_3\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet, Social Media, and Politics in Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Kermani \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Springer eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Cabang<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sumber, lisensi, dan tanggal pengambilan: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bangun bersama kami\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bangun bersama kami<\/h2><p>Bergabunglah sebagai anggota, atau beri tahu kami apa yang dibutuhkan kota Anda. Anda memilih apa yang Anda bagikan.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Bergabung<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Profil Anda<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/contact\/\">Kontak<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/iranians.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--girih\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"94.3,68.4 68.4,94.3 31.6,94.3 5.7,68.4 5.7,31.6 31.6,5.7 68.4,5.7 94.3,31.6\" class=\"m1f\"\/><polygon points=\"50,10 59.2,27.8 78.3,21.7 72.2,40.8 90,50 72.2,59.2 78.3,78.3 59.2,72.2 50,90 40.8,72.2 21.7,78.3 27.8,59.2 10,50 27.8,40.8 21.7,21.7 40.8,27.8\" 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