Research on Iranians abroad: papers and sources. 80 open research records from approved scholarly feeds, a reference list and the official statistics and archives of each country, with sources.
What the evidence says about Iranians abroad. The observatory, its methods and the official statistics and archives of each country.
Scholarly feeds
OpenAlex works API CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)
Crossref REST API Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown
OpenAIRE Graph API CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)
Europe PMC REST API Metadata reusable; full text under each article's licence
DataCite REST API CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)
Zenodo records API Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence
DOAJ API (Directory of Open Access Journals) Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences
arXiv API Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences
World Wide Web Consortium, Web Authentication: An API for accessing Public Key Credentials Level 2 2021; W3C Recommendation; label: verified
Lee, Kaiser, Mayer, Narayanan, An Empirical Study of Wireless Carrier Authentication for SIM Swaps 2020; Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2020), USENIX Association; label: verified
Marczak, Scott-Railton, Marquis-Boire, Paxson, When Governments Hack Opponents: A Look at Actors and Technology 2014; 23rd USENIX Security Symposium, USENIX Association; label: verified
Aljizawi, Anstis, Barnett, Chan, Leonard, Senft, Deibert, Psychological and Emotional War: Digital Transnational Repression in Canada 2022; The Citizen Lab, Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto (Citizen Lab Report No. 151); label: verified
Friedland, Sommer, Cybercasing the Joint: On the Privacy Implications of Geo-Tagging 2010; 5th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security (HotSec 10); label: verified
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations 2022; United Nations; label: verified
The Unicode Consortium, Chapter 9: Middle East-I 2025; The Unicode Standard, Version 17.0.0: Core Specification; label: verified
The Unicode Consortium, ArabicShaping-17.0.0.txt 2025; Unicode Character Database, Version 17.0.0; label: verified
World Wide Web Consortium, Arabic & Persian Layout Requirements 2025; W3C Group Draft Note, 2 October 2025; label: verified
Wright, The Look of the Book: Manuscript Production in Shiraz, 1303-1452 2013; Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, in association with University of Washington Press; label: to-verify
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024: Key facts and figures 2024; United Nations (UN DESA/POP/2024/DC/NO. 13, advance unedited version, released January 2025); label: verified
Ratha, Plaza, Kim, In 2024, remittance flows to low- and middle-income countries are expected to reach $685 billion, larger than FDI and ODA combined 2024; World Bank, People Move blog, 18 December 2024; label: verified