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Script

Arabic alphabet

28 letters, with hamza forms and taa marbuta.

Tools

Letters
36
ISO 15924
Arab
Direction
Right to left
Languages here
1

01Alphabet chart

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for ar.

  1. ء
  2. أ
  3. ؤ
  4. إ
  5. ئ
  6. ا
  7. آ
  8. ب
  9. ة
  10. ت
  11. ث
  12. ج
  13. ح
  14. خ
  15. د
  16. ذ
  17. ر
  18. ز
  19. س
  20. ش
  21. ص
  22. ض
  23. ط
  24. ظ
  25. ع
  26. غ
  27. ف
  28. ق
  29. ك
  30. ل
  31. م
  32. ن
  33. ه
  34. و
  35. ى
  36. ي
Show as a table
LetterCode pointUnicode nameRomanisationSound (IPA)
ءU+0621arabic letter hamza
أU+0623arabic letter alef with hamza above
ؤU+0624arabic letter waw with hamza above
إU+0625arabic letter alef with hamza below
ئU+0626arabic letter yeh with hamza above
اU+0627arabic letter alef
آU+0622arabic letter alef with madda above
بU+0628arabic letter beh
ةU+0629arabic letter teh marbuta
تU+062Aarabic letter teh
ثU+062Barabic letter theh
جU+062Carabic letter jeem
حU+062Darabic letter hah
خU+062Earabic letter khah
دU+062Farabic letter dal
ذU+0630arabic letter thal
رU+0631arabic letter reh
زU+0632arabic letter zain
سU+0633arabic letter seen
شU+0634arabic letter sheen
صU+0635arabic letter sad
ضU+0636arabic letter dad
طU+0637arabic letter tah
ظU+0638arabic letter zah
عU+0639arabic letter ain
غU+063Aarabic letter ghain
فU+0641arabic letter feh
قU+0642arabic letter qaf
كU+0643arabic letter kaf
لU+0644arabic letter lam
مU+0645arabic letter meem
نU+0646arabic letter noon
هU+0647arabic letter heh
وU+0648arabic letter waw
ىU+0649arabic letter alef maksura
يU+064Aarabic letter yeh
  • 28 letters, with hamza forms and taa marbuta.

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

02Numerals

Western digits latn
2026
Arabic-Indic digits arab
٢٠٢٦

Digits from Unicode CLDR numbering systems.

Show as a table
Digits0123456789
Western digits0123456789
Arabic-Indic digits٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩

03Standards

ISO 15924
Arab
Unicode blocks
Arabic (U+0600 to U+06FF), Arabic Supplement (U+0750 to U+077F), Arabic Presentation Forms-A and -B
Unicode CLDR locale
ar
Digits
Arabic-Indic digits (arab)
Joining
Letters join their neighbours and change shape by position.

Sources ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

04Languages written in it

Cite this page
APA

Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. (2026). Arabic alphabet. iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/scripts/arabic/

Chicago

Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. 2026. “Arabic Alphabet.” iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/scripts/arabic/.

BibTeX
@misc{idcdc2026_language_scripts_arabic,
	author = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \& Development Council}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Arabic alphabet},
	url = {https://iranians.global/language/scripts/arabic/},
	howpublished = {https://iranians.global/language/scripts/arabic/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - idcdc2026_language_s
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Arabic alphabet
UR  - https://iranians.global/language/scripts/arabic/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

05Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. Beyond Arabic: Software for Perso-Arabic Script Manipulation

    Alexander Gutkin, Cibu Johny, Raiomond Doctor et al. · 2022 · Proceedings of the Seventh Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop (WANLP)

    ArticleCrossrefDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-SA-4.0

  2. Graphemic Normalization of the Perso-Arabic Script

    Raiomond Doctor, Alexander Gutkin, Cibu Johny et al. · 2022 · Grapholinguistics and Its Applications

    ArticleCrossrefDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-SA-4.0

  3. Does Script Matter? Evaluating Large Language Models for Urdu Sentiment Analysis across Nastaliq, Roman Urdu, and Code-Switched Text

    Yousaf Khawar Raja · 2026 · Zenodo

    PreprintZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  4. {pdf download} Modern Persian Script Hacking: The optimal way to learn the Persian / Farsi alphabet by Judith Meyer

    Brigette Carter · 2026 · ResearchHub Technologies, Inc.

    ReportCrossref

  5. The Role of Religious Concepts in the Nastaliq Inscriptions of Safavid Monuments

    Farhad Khosravi Bizhaem · 2021 · پیکره

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  6. Identifying and Introducing of Nastaliq Inscriptions Calligraphers in Safavids Monuments of Iran

    Farhad Khosravi Bizhaem · 2019 · نگره

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  7. Design and Validation of the Novel Perso-Arabic Database in Shahmukhi Punjabi Script

    Humera Rafique, Dr. Tariq Javid · 2025 · Data Intelligence

    ArticleCrossref

  8. nastaliq, n. & adj.

    2023 · Oxford English Dictionary

    ChapterCrossref

  9. SMAjram: A Large-Scale Synthetic OCR Dataset for Punjabi Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic) Script

    HUMERA RAFIQUE, TARIQ JAVID · 2025 · Ground Truth Files (AjramGTXL.Zip) Description (9 XL files inside) Sr. Ground Truth Files File Description 1 1_2_AjramGT_Primary File names and labels of Main a

    DatasetDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  10. A Comparative Study of the Dot’s Shape in Traditional Way of Nastaliq Script and Dot’s Implementation in Computer-based Types

    hoda kaspour, Abdolreza Charei · 2019 · نگره

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  11. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. al-Riyāḍ, Maktabah al-‘āmah al-sa’ūdīyah. Copy of the Qur’ān, in so-called Bihārī script, with interlinear Persian, from India, about 1500 CE.

    M Willis · 2019 · Zenodo

    OtherZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  12. Toward semiotics of Nastaliq calligraphy

    Mahdiyeh Meidani · 2019 · Persian Calligraphy

    ChapterCrossref

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.