Syriac alphabet (East Syriac)

01Alphabet chart

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for syr.

• 22 letters, all consonants. Vowels are marked with points above and below.
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is usually written in the East Syriac style (ISO 15924 Syrn).

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

02Transliteration

03Numerals

04Standards

ISO 15924

Syrc

Unicode blocks

Syriac (U+0700 to U+074F), Syriac Supplement (U+0860 to U+086F)

Unicode CLDR locale

syr

Digits

Western digits (latn)

Joining

Letters join their neighbours and change shape by position.

Sources ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

05Languages written in it

• ܣܘܪܝܝܐAssyrian Neo-Aramaic (Urmia)

  Urmia and Salmas, and Tehran

06Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Beyond Arabic: Software for Perso-Arabic Script Manipulation

   Alexander Gutkin, Cibu Johny, Raiomond Doctor et al. · 2022 · Proceedings of the Seventh Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop (WANLP)

   ArticleCrossrefDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-SA-4.0

2. Graphemic Normalization of the Perso-Arabic Script

   Raiomond Doctor, Alexander Gutkin, Cibu Johny et al. · 2022 · Grapholinguistics and Its Applications

   ArticleCrossrefDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-SA-4.0

3. Does Script Matter? Evaluating Large Language Models for Urdu Sentiment Analysis across Nastaliq, Roman Urdu, and Code-Switched Text

   Yousaf Khawar Raja · 2026 · Zenodo

   PreprintZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

4. {pdf download} Modern Persian Script Hacking: The optimal way to learn the Persian / Farsi alphabet by Judith Meyer

   Brigette Carter · 2026 · ResearchHub Technologies, Inc.

   ReportCrossref

5. The Role of Religious Concepts in the Nastaliq Inscriptions of Safavid Monuments

   Farhad Khosravi Bizhaem · 2021 · پیکره

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

6. Identifying and Introducing of Nastaliq Inscriptions Calligraphers in Safavids Monuments of Iran

   Farhad Khosravi Bizhaem · 2019 · نگره

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

7. Design and Validation of the Novel Perso-Arabic Database in Shahmukhi Punjabi Script

   Humera Rafique, Dr. Tariq Javid · 2025 · Data Intelligence

   ArticleCrossref

8. nastaliq, n. & adj.

   2023 · Oxford English Dictionary

   ChapterCrossref

9. SMAjram: A Large-Scale Synthetic OCR Dataset for Punjabi Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic) Script

   HUMERA RAFIQUE, TARIQ JAVID · 2025 · Ground Truth Files (AjramGTXL.Zip) Description (9 XL files inside) Sr. Ground Truth Files File Description 1 1_2_AjramGT_Primary File names and labels of Main a

   DatasetDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

10. A Comparative Study of the Dot’s Shape in Traditional Way of Nastaliq Script and Dot’s Implementation in Computer-based Types

    hoda kaspour, Abdolreza Charei · 2019 · نگره

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

11. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. al-Riyāḍ, Maktabah al-‘āmah al-sa’ūdīyah. Copy of the Qur’ān, in so-called Bihārī script, with interlinear Persian, from India, about 1500 CE.

    M Willis · 2019 · Zenodo

    OtherZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

12. Toward semiotics of Nastaliq calligraphy

    Mahdiyeh Meidani · 2019 · Persian Calligraphy

    ChapterCrossref

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.