Hawrami (Gorani): writing

01Scripts

• ISO 15924 Arab · Right to left

  ئ ا ب پKurdish Arabic-based alphabet

  Every vowel is written except short i, which is not written.

02Alphabet chart: Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for ckb.

• Every vowel is written except short i, which is not written.
• A word that starts with a vowel takes the seat ئ.
• ە is the vowel e and ه is the consonant h; keyboards and fonts must keep them apart.

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

03Numerals

04Orthography and standards

No official orthography body is recorded for Hawrami (Gorani) yet.

Sources ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify; ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

05Keyboards and typing

Windows

Settings, Time and language, Language and region: add the language, then its keyboard. Switch with Windows key and Space.

macOS

System Settings, Keyboard, Text Input: edit Input Sources and add the keyboard. Switch from the menu bar.

Android

In the keyboard app’s settings (Gboard: Languages), add the language and choose its layout.

iPhone and iPad

Settings, General, Keyboard, Keyboards: add the keyboard. Switch with the globe key.

Linux

In the desktop settings (GNOME: Keyboard, Input Sources), add the layout.

Which layouts each system ships for each language changes with every release. Check the list on your device; layouts we have confirmed are named on the language’s page.

06Fonts

On this platform the language is shown with Estedad. Every face is self-hosted under an open licence.

07Sources

1. Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Exemplar characters and default numbering systems, read 2026-10-23.

2. The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Character names, code points and block ranges.

3. ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. 2025

   Verified

4. ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. 2025

   To verify Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.

08Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish

   Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi · 2023 · International Journal of Language & Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

2. Can Linguistic Distance help Language Classification? Assessing Hawrami-Zaza and Kurmanji-Sorani

   Hossein Hassani · 2021 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

3. Shifting from endangerment to rebirth in the Artificial Intelligence Age: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Hawrami Text Classification

   Aram Khaksar, Hossein Hassani · 2024 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

4. The Ezafe in Hawrami

   Sable Andrew Peters, Zaniar Naghshbandi, Arwin Rasouli · 2023 · Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

5. An Autosomal STR panel for population, forensic, and clinical genetics, integrated with CODIS-based analysis of the Iraqi Hawrami ethnic minority.

   Albarzinji BM, Mohammad AK, Ismael B et al. · 2026 · Leg Med (Tokyo)

   ArticleEurope PMC

6. The Productivity of Affixes of Words Derived from Bases in Hawrami Dialect

   2020 · Twejer

   ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

7. 2 Examining the structural differences and similarities between literary Gorani and Hawrami through the lens of diglossia

   Saeed Karami, Saloumeh Gholami · 2024 · De Gruyter eBooks

   ChapterOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-NC-ND

8. The noun phrase in Hawrami

   Jan Holmberg, D Odden · 2026 · Newcastle University

   ChapterDataCiteCopyrighted

9. The Study of Social Factors’ Role in Phonological and Lexical Variations in Hawrami (Paveh Dialect) based on Variationist Sociolinguistics

   Nadya Safiei, Ebrahim Badakhshan, Masood Dehghan et al. · 2022 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

10. Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome

    Peshnyar M.A. Rashid, Gaza F. Salih · 2023 · Molecular Biology Reports

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

11. Investigating Three Morphemes “-ænæ”, “-æwæ” and “-æɾæ” in Hawrami: Postposition or Case Marker

    Fateme Yousefirad, بیستون عباسی · 2015 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

12. The Gorani language of Zarda, a village of West Iran

    Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey · 2013 · Reichert Verlag eBooks

    BookOpenAlexCrossrefOpen access

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.