Hawrami (Gorani)

01The language

Codes

ISO 639-3: hac · Glottocode: gura1251 · page code: hac

Family

Indo-European › Classical Indo-European › Indo-Iranian › Iranian-Nuristani › Iranian › Central Iranian PBS › Central Iranian PB › Northwestern Iranian › Adharic › Gorani

Script

Arab, right to left

Interface

In preparation

Platform phase

By demand

Technology support

Not supported by major engines

Shown with

Estedad

Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified; ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify

02Names and perspectives

Where names, classification or identity are debated, each view is shown with its sources. The platform takes no side.

• هەورامی hewramî
• گۆرانی goranî

• Names

  Gorani names the wider group and the literary language of the Ardalan court and of Yarsan scripture. Hawrami is its main living variety. ISO 639-3 uses the name Gurani (hac).

  Sources MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-ī Luhōn). Munksgaard. (1966) To verify; Mahmoudveysi, Bailey, Paul and Haig. The Gorani Language of Gawraju. Reichert. (2012) To verify; ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify

• Classification and identity

  Linguists classify Gorani as Northwestern Iranian, outside the Kurdish group. Glottolog places it with Zazaki. Most speakers identify as Kurds and call Hawrami a Kurdish dialect.

  Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified; MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-ī Luhōn). Munksgaard. (1966) To verify; Haig and Öpengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014) To verify

03Where it is spoken, and by how many

Hawraman, Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces

04Status

The UNESCO World Atlas of Languages is the United Nations source; its status is shown first and stays to verify until the Atlas can be read. Beside it, the Agglomerated Endangerment Status in Glottolog brings together the Catalogue of Endangered Languages, the UNESCO Atlas and Ethnologue. Ethnologue appears only as a secondary source.

05Varieties and dialects

Dialect groups as Glottolog records them. Names stay as published.

Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified

06This language’s pages

• Writing

  Scripts, the alphabet chart, romanisation, numerals, keyboards and fonts.

• Linguistics

  Sounds in IPA, pronunciation, grammar and core words compared with neighbouring languages.

• Learn

  A pathway from first steps to fluency, courses, exams and heritage-language programmes.

• Resources and preservation

  Dictionaries, corpora, libraries and media; endangerment and documentation; how to contribute.

07How to help

• Native translators: translate the pages into Hawrami (Gorani). This language gets human translation only.
• Teachers and authors: help write the first Hawrami (Gorani) course.
• Sources: point the research team to openly licensed dictionaries, corpora and recordings. Each enters the sources register for review.
• Fonts and keyboards: report any letter that does not display or type correctly.

08Sources

1. Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 2025

   Verified CC BY 4.0 Classification, dialect groups and the Agglomerated Endangerment Status (AES), read 2026-10-23.

2. MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-ī Luhōn). Munksgaard. 1966

   To verify

3. Mahmoudveysi, Bailey, Paul and Haig. The Gorani Language of Gawraju. Reichert. 2012

   To verify

4. ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. 2025

   To verify Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.

5. Haig and Öpengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). 2014

   To verify

6. UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages. 2025

   To verify Not reachable when checked on 2026-10-23. Its status for each language is to verify.

7. Campbell, Lee, Okura, Simpson and Ueki. The Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ElCat). 2022

   Secondary source Cited only as Glottolog reports it (its AES source).

09Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish

   Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi · 2023 · International Journal of Language & Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

2. Can Linguistic Distance help Language Classification? Assessing Hawrami-Zaza and Kurmanji-Sorani

   Hossein Hassani · 2021 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

3. Shifting from endangerment to rebirth in the Artificial Intelligence Age: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Hawrami Text Classification

   Aram Khaksar, Hossein Hassani · 2024 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

4. The Ezafe in Hawrami

   Sable Andrew Peters, Zaniar Naghshbandi, Arwin Rasouli · 2023 · Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

5. An Autosomal STR panel for population, forensic, and clinical genetics, integrated with CODIS-based analysis of the Iraqi Hawrami ethnic minority.

   Albarzinji BM, Mohammad AK, Ismael B et al. · 2026 · Leg Med (Tokyo)

   ArticleEurope PMC

6. The Productivity of Affixes of Words Derived from Bases in Hawrami Dialect

   2020 · Twejer

   ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

7. 2 Examining the structural differences and similarities between literary Gorani and Hawrami through the lens of diglossia

   Saeed Karami, Saloumeh Gholami · 2024 · De Gruyter eBooks

   ChapterOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-NC-ND

8. The noun phrase in Hawrami

   Jan Holmberg, D Odden · 2026 · Newcastle University

   ChapterDataCiteCopyrighted

9. The Study of Social Factors’ Role in Phonological and Lexical Variations in Hawrami (Paveh Dialect) based on Variationist Sociolinguistics

   Nadya Safiei, Ebrahim Badakhshan, Masood Dehghan et al. · 2022 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

10. Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome

    Peshnyar M.A. Rashid, Gaza F. Salih · 2023 · Molecular Biology Reports

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

11. Investigating Three Morphemes “-ænæ”, “-æwæ” and “-æɾæ” in Hawrami: Postposition or Case Marker

    Fateme Yousefirad, بیستون عباسی · 2015 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

12. The Gorani language of Zarda, a village of West Iran

    Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey · 2013 · Reichert Verlag eBooks

    BookOpenAlexCrossrefOpen access

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.