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Tajik: linguistics

Tajik sounds, pronunciation, grammar and core vocabulary.

Тоҷикӣ

01Sounds

The language’s phonemes, from one published description.

Awaiting licence review

This section will show the consonant and vowel tables of Tajik from PHOIBLE 2.0, inventory Tajik (Bukhara) (EA 2266), based on Ido 2014. PHOIBLE is under CC BY-SA 3.0, and the tables appear once the owner approves the source.

02Core words compared

Ten everyday words across the languages of the region.

MeaningPersianKurmanjiSoraniZazakiBalochiAzerbaijaniArmenian
waterآبābavئاوawaweāpsuջուրjur
breadنانnānnanنانnannannānçörəkհացhatsʻ
motherمادرmādardêدایکdaykmayemātanaմայրmayr
fatherپدرpedarbavباوکbawkpîpitataհայրhayr
houseخانهkhānemalماڵmałkeyelōgevտունtun
nightشبshabşevشەوşewşeweshapgecəգիշերgisher
twoدوdoduدووdûdidoikiերկուerku
threeسهsesêسێsêhîrêsēüçերեքerekʻ
eyeچشمcheshmçavچاوçawçimchammgözաչքachkʻ
nameنامnāmnavناوnawnamenāmadանունanun

Persian, Kurdish, Zazaki and Balochi are Iranian languages, and many of their core words are related. Azerbaijani is Turkic and Armenian is its own branch of Indo-European, so their words differ. To verify

Sources Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) Verified; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) To verify; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) To verify; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) To verify; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) To verify; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) To verify; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) To verify

03Sources

  1. Moran and McCloy (eds.). PHOIBLE 2.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2019

    Verified CC BY-SA 3.0 Phoneme inventories, each from the published source it names, read 2026-10-23.

  2. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

    Verified Public domain. The digital edition was reachable on 2026-10-23.

  3. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

    To verify

  4. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

    To verify

  5. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

    To verify

  6. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

    To verify

  7. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

    To verify

  8. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

    To verify

Cite this page
APA

Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. (2026). Tajik: Linguistics. iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/languages/tg/linguistics/

Chicago

Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. 2026. “Tajik: Linguistics.” iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/languages/tg/linguistics/.

BibTeX
@misc{idcdc2026_language_languages_tg_linguistics,
	author = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \& Development Council}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Tajik: Linguistics},
	url = {https://iranians.global/language/languages/tg/linguistics/},
	howpublished = {https://iranians.global/language/languages/tg/linguistics/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - idcdc2026_language_l
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Tajik: Linguistics
UR  - https://iranians.global/language/languages/tg/linguistics/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

04Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. Tajik-Wakhi language contact

    Jaroslava Obrtelová · 2022 · Orientalia Suecana

    ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpenAIREOpen access

  2. HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE TAJIK LANGUAGE

    R.N. Ibragimova · 2026 · ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

    OtherZenodoOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  3. 5 Tajik Sign Language in context

    Justin M. Power · 2023 · Tajik Linguistics

    ChapterCrossrefOpenAIRE

  4. ABOUT ALISHER NAVOI’S WORK "DEVONI FONIY" IN PERSIAN-TAJIK LANGUAGE

    Mamlakat Dexkanova · 2025 · Zenodo

    ArticleDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  5. Character-Level Transformer for Tajik-Persian Transliteration with a Parallel Lexical Corpus

    Mullosharaf K. Arabov · 2026 · arXiv

    PreprintarXivOpen access

  6. TOPIC: INTERPRETATION OF LEXICAL UNITS BORROWED INTO THE UZBEK LANGUAGE FROM THE PERSIAN-TAJIK LANGUAGE

    Nabiyeva Lazizabegim · 2026 · Zenodo

    ArticleDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  7. Benchmarking POS Tagging for the Tajik Language: A Comparative Study of Neural Architectures on the TajPersParallel Corpus

    Mullosharaf K. Arabov · 2026 · arXiv

    PreprintarXivOpen access

  8. Teaching the Uzbekistan Language in A Tajik-Uzbekistan Bilingual Environment

    Khojiyeva Iroda Zokirjon qizi · 2025 · International Journal Of Literature And Languages

    ArticleOpenAIRE

  9. The functional analysis of interrogative structures in Persian and Tajik languages

    Hengameh Vaezi, Kholov Saidmuhiddin Saidmurodovich · 2015 · Ученые записки Худжандского государственного университета им. академика Б. Гафурова. Гуманитарные науки

    ArticleOpenAlex

  10. Tajik Language

    National Cancer Institute · 2020 · Definitions

    OtherCrossref

  11. Persian and Tajik

    2013 · The Iranian Languages

    ChapterCrossref

  12. Tajik Persian: Readings in History, Culture and Society

    Razi Ahmad · 2016 · University of Kansas Libraries

    BookCrossref

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.