Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic)

01The language

Codes

ISO 639-3: acm, afb · Glottocode: meso1252, gulf1241 · page code: ar-IR

Family

Afro-Asiatic › Semitic › West Semitic › Central Semitic › Arabian › Arabic › Eastern Arabic

Script

Arab, right to left

Interface

Main site, native review pending

Platform phase

At launch

Technology support

Well supported

Shown with

Vazirmatn

Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified; ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify

02Names and perspectives

Where names, classification or identity are debated, each view is shown with its sources. The platform takes no side.

• عربي ‘arabī

• Varieties

  Arabic in Khuzestan belongs to Mesopotamian Arabic. Arabic on the Gulf coast belongs to Gulf Arabic. Both are written in Modern Standard Arabic.

  Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified

03Where it is spoken, and by how many

Khuzestan and the Gulf coast of Iran; written in Modern Standard Arabic

04Status

The UNESCO World Atlas of Languages is the United Nations source; its status is shown first and stays to verify until the Atlas can be read. Beside it, the Agglomerated Endangerment Status in Glottolog brings together the Catalogue of Endangered Languages, the UNESCO Atlas and Ethnologue. Ethnologue appears only as a secondary source.

05Legal status

What constitutions say about the language. Quoted from the English translations of the Constitute Project.

• The Constitution of Iran (Article 16) requires Arabic, the language of the Quran, to be taught after the elementary level in all classes of secondary school.

  Sources Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations. (2025) Verified

06Varieties and dialects

Dialect groups as Glottolog records them. Names stay as published.

Sources Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (2025) Verified

07This language’s pages

• Writing

  Scripts, the alphabet chart, romanisation, numerals, keyboards and fonts.

• Learn

  A pathway from first steps to fluency, courses, exams and heritage-language programmes.

• Resources and preservation

  Dictionaries, corpora, libraries and media; endangerment and documentation; how to contribute.

08How to help

• Native reviewers: read the Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) pages and mark them reviewed.
• Teachers and authors: help write the first Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) course.
• Sources: point the research team to openly licensed dictionaries, corpora and recordings. Each enters the sources register for review.
• Fonts and keyboards: report any letter that does not display or type correctly.

09Sources

1. Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 2025

   Verified CC BY 4.0 Classification, dialect groups and the Agglomerated Endangerment Status (AES), read 2026-10-23.

2. UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages. 2025

   To verify Not reachable when checked on 2026-10-23. Its status for each language is to verify.

3. Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. 2025

   Secondary source Cited only as Glottolog reports it (its AES source). Ethnologue itself was not read.

4. Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations. 2025

   Verified Articles on official languages, read 2026-10-23.

10Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Khuzestani Arabic

   Nawal Bahrani, Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami · 2019 · Journal of the International Phonetic Association

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

2. General Classification and Internal Subdivisions of Khuzestani Arabic (KhA)

   Bettina Leitner · 2022 · Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic

   ChapterCrossrefOpenAIRE

3. Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic

   Bettina Leitner · 2022 · BRILL eBooks

   BookOpenAlexCrossref

4. Numerical Code-Switching in Khuzestani Arabic

   Hossein Matoori · 2016 · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY

5. Linguistic Contact and Tracing Persian Construction onto Khuzestani Arabic Structures

   Samad Mirza Suzani, Shohreh Zakerin · 2024 · Middle East Research Journal of Linguistics and Literature

   ArticleOpenAlexOpenAIREOpen access

6. Conversations Among Women: A Text in the Arabic Dialect of Khuzestan (Southwest Iran)

   Bettina Leitner · 2022 · Semitic Dialects and Dialectology

   ChapterDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

7. VOT in Khuzestani Arabic voicing contrast

   Nawal Bahrani · 2021 · Unpublished

   ArticleDataCiteOpenAIRE

8. The polyfunctional lexeme /fard/ in the Arabic dialects of Iraq and Khuzestan

   Bettina Leitner, Stephan Procházka · 2021 · Brill s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

9. Agreement Patterns in Khuzestani Arabic

   Simone Bettega, Bettina Leitner · 2019 · Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)

   ArticleOpenAlexOpen access

10. New Perspectives on the Urban–Rural Dichotomy and Dialect Contact in the Arabic gələt Dialects in Iraq and South-West Iran

    Bettina Leitner · 2021 · Languages

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

11. NEGATION IN KHUZESTANI ARABIC AND SADAT TAWAHER SIGN LANGUAGE

    Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sa’d · 2023 · Unpublished

    ArticleDataCite

12. Negation in Khuzestani Arabic & Sadat Tawaher Sign Language

    Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sad · 2024 · Purdue University Graduate School

    ThesisDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.