Turkmen: writing

01Scripts

• ISO 15924 Latn · Left to right

  a b ç dTurkmen Latin alphabet

  Used in Turkmenistan. Turkmen in Iran is mostly written in the Arabic-based script.

• ISO 15924 Arab · Right to left

  ا ب پ تPersian alphabet

  32 letters. Short vowels are not written in ordinary text.

02Alphabet chart: Turkmen Latin alphabet

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for tk.

• Used in Turkmenistan. Turkmen in Iran is mostly written in the Arabic-based script.

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

03Alphabet chart: Persian alphabet

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for fa.

• 32 letters. Short vowels are not written in ordinary text.
• Persian uses its own digit shapes (CLDR numbering system arabext), different from Arabic digits for 4, 5 and 6.
• Nasta’liq is the traditional calligraphic style; Naskh is the usual print style.

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

04Numerals

05Orthography and standards

No official orthography body is recorded for Turkmen yet.

Sources ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify; ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

06Keyboards and typing

Windows

Settings, Time and language, Language and region: add the language, then its keyboard. Switch with Windows key and Space.

macOS

System Settings, Keyboard, Text Input: edit Input Sources and add the keyboard. Switch from the menu bar.

Android

In the keyboard app’s settings (Gboard: Languages), add the language and choose its layout.

iPhone and iPad

Settings, General, Keyboard, Keyboards: add the keyboard. Switch with the globe key.

Linux

In the desktop settings (GNOME: Keyboard, Input Sources), add the layout.

Which layouts each system ships for each language changes with every release. Check the list on your device; layouts we have confirmed are named on the language’s page.

07Fonts

On this platform the language is shown with IBM Plex Sans, Vazirmatn. Every face is self-hosted under an open licence.

08Sources

1. Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Exemplar characters and default numbering systems, read 2026-10-23.

2. The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Character names, code points and block ranges.

3. ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. 2025

   Verified

4. ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. 2025

   To verify Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.

09Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. SPORTS VOCABULARY OF THE TURKMEN LANGUAGE LEXICO-THEMATIC GROUPS

   Ahmet Begchiev · 2023 · Zenodo

   ArticleDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

2. Turkmen Language

   National Cancer Institute · 2020 · Definitions

   OtherOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

3. Identification of Genomic Differences Resulting from Selection in Iranian Kurdish and Turkmen Horse Breeds Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

   Khanahmadi A, Rahimi Mianji G, Moradi Shahrebabak H et al. · 2026 · Iran J Biotechnol

   ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

4. THE CATEGORY OF POSSESSION IN THE UZBEK DIALECT OF TURKMENISTAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE TURKMEN LANGUAGE

   Dilnoza Charyyeva · 2026 · Zenodo

   ArticleDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

5. Quality of Life and Some Related Factors of Elderly People in Turkmen County, Iran

   Shahnaz Moalemi, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, Maryam Eri et al. · 2019 · Journal of Clinical and Basic Research

   ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpen access

6. Expression forms of negation in turkmen languages (based on Turkmen language materials)

   Katiba Mahmudova · 2024 · Terminology Issues

   ArticleCrossrefOpenAIRE

7. DISQUISITIONS UPON THE HISTORY OF TURKMEN LANGUAGE: K. BORIYEV SAMPLE

   Tahir AŞİROV, Gurbangeldi MUHAMMEDOV · 2019 · Uluslararası Türk Lehçe Araştırmaları Dergisi

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

8. Purkhani as a ‘healing drama’: Analysis of a healing performance among Turkmen people of Iran

   Mahnaz Alimardanian · 2022 · La Trobe

   ArticleDataCite

9. The Turkmen Language Survival in the City of Erbil: A Sociolinguistic Study

   Sangar Othman Ibrahim · 2024 · JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

   ArticleOpenAIRE

10. Language Perceptions and Communication in the Baghdad Turkmen Community

    Bader Saed Dweik, Sara Najim Al-Rahal · 2016 · International Journal of Culture and History

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

11. Computer Analysis of the Turkmen Language Morphology

    A. Cüneyd Tantug, Esref Adali, Kemal Oflazer · 2006 · Springer Berlin Heidelberg

    ArticleOpenAIRE

12. Porkhani and Ishani: Women Healers in the Turkmen Community in Iran

    Manijeh Maghsudi · 2023 · Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran

    ChapterCrossref

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.