Writing
Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic): writing
How Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) is written: scripts, the alphabet, romanisation, numerals, keyboards and fonts.
عربي
01Scripts
-
ء أ ؤ إArabic alphabet
28 letters, with hamza forms and taa marbuta.
02Alphabet chart: Arabic alphabet
Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for ar.
- ء
- أ
- ؤ
- إ
- ئ
- ا
- آ
- ب
- ة
- ت
- ث
- ج
- ح
- خ
- د
- ذ
- ر
- ز
- س
- ش
- ص
- ض
- ط
- ظ
- ع
- غ
- ف
- ق
- ك
- ل
- م
- ن
- ه
- و
- ى
- ي
Show as a table
| Letter | Code point | Unicode name | Romanisation | Sound (IPA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ء | U+0621 | arabic letter hamza | ||
| أ | U+0623 | arabic letter alef with hamza above | ||
| ؤ | U+0624 | arabic letter waw with hamza above | ||
| إ | U+0625 | arabic letter alef with hamza below | ||
| ئ | U+0626 | arabic letter yeh with hamza above | ||
| ا | U+0627 | arabic letter alef | ||
| آ | U+0622 | arabic letter alef with madda above | ||
| ب | U+0628 | arabic letter beh | ||
| ة | U+0629 | arabic letter teh marbuta | ||
| ت | U+062A | arabic letter teh | ||
| ث | U+062B | arabic letter theh | ||
| ج | U+062C | arabic letter jeem | ||
| ح | U+062D | arabic letter hah | ||
| خ | U+062E | arabic letter khah | ||
| د | U+062F | arabic letter dal | ||
| ذ | U+0630 | arabic letter thal | ||
| ر | U+0631 | arabic letter reh | ||
| ز | U+0632 | arabic letter zain | ||
| س | U+0633 | arabic letter seen | ||
| ش | U+0634 | arabic letter sheen | ||
| ص | U+0635 | arabic letter sad | ||
| ض | U+0636 | arabic letter dad | ||
| ط | U+0637 | arabic letter tah | ||
| ظ | U+0638 | arabic letter zah | ||
| ع | U+0639 | arabic letter ain | ||
| غ | U+063A | arabic letter ghain | ||
| ف | U+0641 | arabic letter feh | ||
| ق | U+0642 | arabic letter qaf | ||
| ك | U+0643 | arabic letter kaf | ||
| ل | U+0644 | arabic letter lam | ||
| م | U+0645 | arabic letter meem | ||
| ن | U+0646 | arabic letter noon | ||
| ه | U+0647 | arabic letter heh | ||
| و | U+0648 | arabic letter waw | ||
| ى | U+0649 | arabic letter alef maksura | ||
| ي | U+064A | arabic letter yeh |
- 28 letters, with hamza forms and taa marbuta.
Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified
03Numerals
- Western digits latn
- 2026
- Arabic-Indic digits arab
- ٢٠٢٦
Digits from Unicode CLDR numbering systems.
Show as a table
| Digits | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western digits | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Arabic-Indic digits | ٠ | ١ | ٢ | ٣ | ٤ | ٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | ٩ |
04Orthography and standards
No official orthography body is recorded for Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic) yet.
| Standard | For this language |
|---|---|
| ISO 639-3 | acm, afb |
| ISO 15924 | Arab |
| Unicode CLDR locale | ar |
| Digits | latn, arab |
Sources ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify; ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified
05Keyboards and typing
- Windows
- Settings, Time and language, Language and region: add the language, then its keyboard. Switch with Windows key and Space.
- macOS
- System Settings, Keyboard, Text Input: edit Input Sources and add the keyboard. Switch from the menu bar.
- Android
- In the keyboard app’s settings (Gboard: Languages), add the language and choose its layout.
- iPhone and iPad
- Settings, General, Keyboard, Keyboards: add the keyboard. Switch with the globe key.
- Linux
- In the desktop settings (GNOME: Keyboard, Input Sources), add the layout.
Which layouts each system ships for each language changes with every release. Check the list on your device; layouts we have confirmed are named on the language’s page.
06Fonts
On this platform the language is shown with Vazirmatn. Every face is self-hosted under an open licence.
| Font | Scripts | Licence |
|---|---|---|
| Vazirmatn | Persian, Arabic, Dari, South Azerbaijani | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Estedad | Kurdish in the Arabic-based script, Arabic-script headings | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Noto Sans Armenian | Armenian | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Noto Sans Syriac Eastern | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Noto Sans Mandaic | Mandaic | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Noto Sans Hebrew | Hebrew, Judeo-Persian | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| Noto Sans Georgian | Georgian | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
| IBM Plex Sans and Noto Sans | Latin and Cyrillic, Kurdish Cyrillic letters | SIL Open Font License 1.1 |
07Sources
Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. 2026
Verified Unicode License v3 Exemplar characters and default numbering systems, read 2026-10-23.
The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. 2026
Verified Unicode License v3 Character names, code points and block ranges.
Verified
ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. 2025
To verify Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.
Cite this page
- APA
Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. (2026). Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic): Writing. iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/languages/ar-ir/writing/
- Chicago
Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council. 2026. “Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic): Writing.” iranians.global. https://iranians.global/language/languages/ar-ir/writing/.
- BibTeX
@misc{idcdc2026_language_languages_ar_ir_writing, author = {{Iranian Diaspora Cooperation \& Development Council}}, year = {2026}, note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0}, title = {Arabic ({Khuzestani} and {Gulf} {Arabic}): Writing}, url = {https://iranians.global/language/languages/ar-ir/writing/}, howpublished = {https://iranians.global/language/languages/ar-ir/writing/}, }- RIS
TY - ELEC AU - Iranian Diaspora Cooperation & Development Council DA - 2026/// PY - 2026 ID - idcdc2026_language_l N1 - Licence: CC BY 4.0 TI - Arabic (Khuzestani and Gulf Arabic): Writing UR - https://iranians.global/language/languages/ar-ir/writing/ ER -
08Research and sources
Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.
-
Nawal Bahrani, Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami · 2019 · Journal of the International Phonetic Association
ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0
-
General Classification and Internal Subdivisions of Khuzestani Arabic (KhA)
Bettina Leitner · 2022 · Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic
ChapterCrossrefOpenAIRE
-
Bettina Leitner · 2022 · BRILL eBooks
BookOpenAlexCrossref
-
Numerical Code-Switching in Khuzestani Arabic
Hossein Matoori · 2016 · JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS
ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY
-
Linguistic Contact and Tracing Persian Construction onto Khuzestani Arabic Structures
Samad Mirza Suzani, Shohreh Zakerin · 2024 · Middle East Research Journal of Linguistics and Literature
ArticleOpenAlexOpenAIREOpen access
-
Conversations Among Women: A Text in the Arabic Dialect of Khuzestan (Southwest Iran)
Bettina Leitner · 2022 · Semitic Dialects and Dialectology
ChapterDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
-
VOT in Khuzestani Arabic voicing contrast
Nawal Bahrani · 2021 · Unpublished
ArticleDataCiteOpenAIRE
-
The polyfunctional lexeme /fard/ in the Arabic dialects of Iraq and Khuzestan
Bettina Leitner, Stephan Procházka · 2021 · Brill s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics
ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY
-
Agreement Patterns in Khuzestani Arabic
Simone Bettega, Bettina Leitner · 2019 · Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)
ArticleOpenAlexOpen access
-
Bettina Leitner · 2021 · Languages
ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY
-
NEGATION IN KHUZESTANI ARABIC AND SADAT TAWAHER SIGN LANGUAGE
Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sa’d · 2023 · Unpublished
ArticleDataCite
-
Negation in Khuzestani Arabic & Sadat Tawaher Sign Language
Seyyed Hatam Tamimi Sad · 2024 · Purdue University Graduate School
ThesisDataCiteOpen accessCC-BY-4.0
Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.