Gilaki: linguistics

01Pronunciation

Each letter with its usual sound.

Persian alphabet

Sound values are a teaching guide for the standard language, labelled to verify. Dialects differ. To verify

Sources Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence. (2026) To verify

02Core words compared

Ten everyday words across the languages of the region.

Persian, Kurdish, Zazaki and Balochi are Iranian languages, and many of their core words are related. Azerbaijani is Turkic and Armenian is its own branch of Indo-European, so their words differ. To verify

Sources Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) Verified; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) To verify; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) To verify; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) To verify; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) To verify; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) To verify; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) To verify

03Sources

1. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

   Verified Public domain. The digital edition was reachable on 2026-10-23.

2. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

   To verify

3. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

   To verify

4. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

   To verify

5. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

   To verify

6. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

   To verify

7. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

   To verify

04Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. The quotative marker in Gilaki

   Sascha Völlmin · 2019 · De Gruyter eBooks

   ChapterOpenAlexCrossrefDataCiteOpenAIREOpen access

2. ILM Shaili Package — Gilaki (glk)

   Abhishek Choudhary · 2026 · Zenodo

   SoftwareDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

3. Nominal linkers in Gilaki

   Mansour Shabani, Sahar Taghipour · 2023 · Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY

4. Var and Manəstən Adpositions in Gilaki Language

   Elahe Hoseyni Matak, Ehsan Changizi · 2020 · ̒Ilm-i Zabān

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

5. Issues of studying laryngeal characteristics of prosody in Iranian languages (on the example of Persian, Gilaki, and Wakhi)

   Liubov Silanteva · 2025 · Проблемы языка: Сборник научных статей по материалам Одиннадцатой конференции-школы «Проблемы языка: взгляд молодых ученых»

   ArticleOpenAIRE

6. Clitics in Gilaki: A typological approach

   Hakimeh Pourjamal Ghouyjagh, Mansour Shabani, Seyed Misagh Habibzadeh · 2025 · نشریه پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

7. Gilaki

   Alireza Eshraghi · 2015 · ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)

   ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA

8. Reflection of work culture in Gilan popular literature; Looking at Gilaki proverbs

   Javad Nazarimoghaddam · 2022 · مجله مطالعات ایرانی

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

9. Case in Caspian Languages: Gilaki, Mazandarani, Talysh, Tati

   Vladimir B. Ivanov, Leyli R. Dodykhudoeva · 2025 · RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics

   ArticleDOAJOpenAIREOpen access

10. The Gilaki Language

    V. S. Rastorgueva, A. A. Kerimova, Akhmed Kerimovich Mamedzade et al. · 2012 · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

    BookOpenAlexOpen accessother-oa

11. Gilaki: From Language Regimes into Minoritizing

    Sedighe Zamani Roodsari · 2023 · Studies in Linguistics and Literature

    ArticleCrossrefCC-BY-4.0

12. Split noun phrase topicalization in Eshkevarat Gilaki

    Arsalan Kahnemuyipour, Mansour Shabani · 2018 · The Linguistic Review

    ArticleCrossref

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.