Hawrami (Gorani): linguistics

01Pronunciation

Each letter with its usual sound.

Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet

Sound values are a teaching guide for the standard language, labelled to verify. Dialects differ. To verify

Sources Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence. (2026) To verify

02Core words compared

Ten everyday words across the languages of the region.

Persian, Kurdish, Zazaki and Balochi are Iranian languages, and many of their core words are related. Azerbaijani is Turkic and Armenian is its own branch of Indo-European, so their words differ. To verify

Sources Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) Verified; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) To verify; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) To verify; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) To verify; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) To verify; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) To verify; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) To verify

03Sources

1. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

   Verified Public domain. The digital edition was reachable on 2026-10-23.

2. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

   To verify

3. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

   To verify

4. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

   To verify

5. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

   To verify

6. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

   To verify

7. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

   To verify

04Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish

   Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi · 2023 · International Journal of Language & Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

2. Can Linguistic Distance help Language Classification? Assessing Hawrami-Zaza and Kurmanji-Sorani

   Hossein Hassani · 2021 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

3. Shifting from endangerment to rebirth in the Artificial Intelligence Age: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Hawrami Text Classification

   Aram Khaksar, Hossein Hassani · 2024 · arXiv

   PreprintDataCitearXivOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

4. The Ezafe in Hawrami

   Sable Andrew Peters, Zaniar Naghshbandi, Arwin Rasouli · 2023 · Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpen accessCC-BY

5. An Autosomal STR panel for population, forensic, and clinical genetics, integrated with CODIS-based analysis of the Iraqi Hawrami ethnic minority.

   Albarzinji BM, Mohammad AK, Ismael B et al. · 2026 · Leg Med (Tokyo)

   ArticleEurope PMC

6. The Productivity of Affixes of Words Derived from Bases in Hawrami Dialect

   2020 · Twejer

   ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

7. 2 Examining the structural differences and similarities between literary Gorani and Hawrami through the lens of diglossia

   Saeed Karami, Saloumeh Gholami · 2024 · De Gruyter eBooks

   ChapterOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-NC-ND

8. The noun phrase in Hawrami

   Jan Holmberg, D Odden · 2026 · Newcastle University

   ChapterDataCiteCopyrighted

9. The Study of Social Factors’ Role in Phonological and Lexical Variations in Hawrami (Paveh Dialect) based on Variationist Sociolinguistics

   Nadya Safiei, Ebrahim Badakhshan, Masood Dehghan et al. · 2022 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

10. Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome

    Peshnyar M.A. Rashid, Gaza F. Salih · 2023 · Molecular Biology Reports

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

11. Investigating Three Morphemes “-ænæ”, “-æwæ” and “-æɾæ” in Hawrami: Postposition or Case Marker

    Fateme Yousefirad, بیستون عباسی · 2015 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

12. The Gorani language of Zarda, a village of West Iran

    Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey · 2013 · Reichert Verlag eBooks

    BookOpenAlexCrossrefOpen access

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.