Laki: linguistics

01Pronunciation

Each letter with its usual sound.

Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet

Persian alphabet

Sound values are a teaching guide for the standard language, labelled to verify. Dialects differ. To verify

Sources Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence. (2026) To verify

02Core words compared

Ten everyday words across the languages of the region.

Persian, Kurdish, Zazaki and Balochi are Iranian languages, and many of their core words are related. Azerbaijani is Turkic and Armenian is its own branch of Indo-European, so their words differ. To verify

Sources Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) Verified; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) To verify; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) To verify; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) To verify; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) To verify; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) To verify; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) To verify

03Sources

1. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

   Verified Public domain. The digital edition was reachable on 2026-10-23.

2. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

   To verify

3. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

   To verify

4. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

   To verify

5. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

   To verify

6. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

   To verify

7. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

   To verify

04Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. Approaches to Corpus Creation for Low-Resource Language Technology: the Case of Southern Kurdish and Laki

   Sina Ahmadi, Zahra Azin, Sara Belelli et al. · 2023 · Proceedings of the Second Workshop on NLP Applications to Field Linguistics

   ArticleCrossrefDataCitearXivOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

2. Equative Constructions in the Laki Language

   Parisa Najafi, Seyed Najm al-din Shahrokhi, Mohammad Hosseini · 2024 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

3. Comparing Agreement System in Kalhori Kurdish with Laki, Surani, and Kormanji

   Mehdi Mehdizadeh, habib gowhari, Gholamhosein Karimi Doostan et al. · 2017 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

4. A Morphosyntactic Analysis of Verbal Structure in the Laki Dialect and Its Relation to the Persian Verb System [In Persian]

   Ali Bazvand · 2025 · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

   ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-SA

5. Investigation of Meaning and phonological processes of Arabic words involved in Laki language [In Persian]

   Masoud Bavanpouri, Seyed Mahmoud Mirzaei Al-Husseini, Tayebeh Fathi Iranshahi · 2021 · آموزش زبان، ادبیات و زبانشناسی

   ArticleDOAJOpenAIREOpen access

6. KONSTRUKSI BAHASA GURU PEREMPUAN DAN LAKI-LAKI PADA KEGIATAN AWAL PEMBELAJARAN [Language Construction of Female and Male Teachers in the Beginning of Learning Activities]

   Pipiet Palestin Amurwani · 2021 · TOTOBUANG

   ArticleCrossrefOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.