Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Urmia): writing

01Scripts

• ISO 15924 Syrc · Right to left

  ܐ ܒ ܓ ܕSyriac alphabet (East Syriac)

  22 letters, all consonants. Vowels are marked with points above and below.

02Alphabet chart: Syriac alphabet (East Syriac)

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for syr.

• 22 letters, all consonants. Vowels are marked with points above and below.
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is usually written in the East Syriac style (ISO 15924 Syrn).

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

03Romanisation and transliteration

Writing the language in other letters, by open published standards. Libraries use the ALA-LC tables for names and titles.

04Numerals

05Orthography and standards

No official orthography body is recorded for Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Urmia) yet.

Sources ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. (2025) To verify; ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

06Keyboards and typing

Windows

Settings, Time and language, Language and region: add the language, then its keyboard. Switch with Windows key and Space.

macOS

System Settings, Keyboard, Text Input: edit Input Sources and add the keyboard. Switch from the menu bar.

Android

In the keyboard app’s settings (Gboard: Languages), add the language and choose its layout.

iPhone and iPad

Settings, General, Keyboard, Keyboards: add the keyboard. Switch with the globe key.

Linux

In the desktop settings (GNOME: Keyboard, Input Sources), add the layout.

Which layouts each system ships for each language changes with every release. Check the list on your device; layouts we have confirmed are named on the language’s page.

07Fonts

On this platform the language is shown with Noto Sans Syriac Eastern. Every face is self-hosted under an open licence.

08Sources

1. Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Exemplar characters and default numbering systems, read 2026-10-23.

2. Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Syriac, 2012 version. 2012

   Verified

3. The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. 2026

   Verified Unicode License v3 Character names, code points and block ranges.

4. ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. 2025

   Verified

5. ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority. 2025

   To verify Codes cross-checked through Glottolog records; the code tables themselves were not read.

09Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

1. The “Creed of the Karaite Faith ” in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Urmia: A Neo-Karaite Group in Iranian Azerbaijan Prior to the First World War

   Hezy Mutzafi, Dan Shapira · 2025 · Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia

   ArticleCrossrefOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

2. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi (4 vols)

   Geoffrey A. Khan · 2016 · BRILL eBooks

   BookOpenAlexCrossrefOpen access

3. Manlaharban and Aramaic in the Neo-Assyrian Oracular Queries Written by Women

   Jonathan Valk, Saana Svärd · 2024 · Knowledge Commons

   ArticleDataCite

4. Just a Series of Misunderstandings? Assyria and B?t-Zam?ni, ?adi-/I?tadi-libbušu, and Aramaic in the early Neo-Assyrian State

   Alexander Johannes Edmonds · 2022 · Asia Anteriore Antica

   ArticleDOAJOpen access

5. The Neo-Aramaic Oral Heritage of the Jews of Zakho

   Oz Aloni · 2022 · Cambridge semitic languages and cultures

   BookOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY-NC

6. A Poem in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Urmia

   L. Yaure · 1957 · Journal of Near Eastern Studies

   ArticleOpenAlexCrossrefOpenAIRE

7. Catholic Catechism in Urmia Aramaic

   2010 · Catholic Catechism in Urmia Aramaic

   ChapterCrossref

8. Reading Book for Urmia Aramaic

   Anonymous Anonymous · 2010 · Reading Book for Urmia Aramaic

   ChapterCrossref

9. Quantifying lexical distances among Nudiz, Mahmudi, and Verin Dvin Urmi (North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic) / Количественная оценка лексических различий между нудезнайским, мамедайским и верин-двинским урмийским (северо-восточные новоарамейские языки)

   Elena Shvedova, Yuri Koryakov, Elizaveta Zabelina · 2026 · Journal of Language Relationship

   ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

10. Intransitive clause word order in Neo-Aramaic: information structure, pragmatics and word order shifts

    Dorota Molin · 2024 · Folia Linguistica

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

11. NORTH-EASTERN NEO-ARAMAIC AND THE MIDDLE ARAMAIC DIALECTS

    Samuel Ethan Fox · 2008 · Neo-Aramaic Dialect Studies

    ChapterCrossref

12. Grammaticalization of Adnominal Demonstratives in Neo-Aramaic. Towards the creation of a simple determiner

    Fabio Gasparini · 2014 · RiCOGNIZIONI. Rivista di Lingue e Letterature straniere e Culture moderne

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.